Turkish language

E2737

Oghuz language Turkic language standard language

Turkish is a Turkic language primarily spoken in Turkey and Cyprus, known for its vowel harmony, agglutinative grammar, and modern standard form established after Atatürk’s language reforms.

Aliases (4)

Statements (88)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Oghuz language → Turkic language → standard language →
approximateNumberOfNativeSpeakers	over 75 million →
approximateNumberOfTotalSpeakers	over 80 million →
belongsToLanguageGroup	Southwestern Turkic →
closelyRelatedTo	Azerbaijani language → Gagauz language → Turkmen language →
family	Turkic languages →
hasCaseSystem	ablative → accusative → dative → genitive → locative → nominative →
hasDialect	Aegean dialects → Balkan Turkish → Black Sea dialects → Cypriot Turkish → Eastern Anatolian dialects → Istanbul dialect →
hasFeature	SOV basic word order → agglutinative morphology → evidentiality marking → extensive suffixation → lack of grammatical gender → phonemic vowel length is limited → politeness distinctions in second person pronouns → postpositions instead of prepositions → productive derivational morphology → stress usually on final syllable → vowel harmony →
hasNumberSystem	plural → singular →
hasPhonemeInventory	8 vowels → approximately 21 consonants →
hasSignificantSpeakerCommunityIn	Austria → Azerbaijan → Belgium → Bulgaria → France → Germany → Iraq → Netherlands → Syria → United Kingdom →
hasTenseAspectSystem	aorist → future → past → perfect → present → progressive →
historicalForm	Old Anatolian Turkish → Ottoman Turkish →
languageCodeISO639-1	tr →
languageCodeISO639-2	tur →
languageCodeISO639-3	tur →
majorPeriodOfLanguagePurification	20th century →
officialLanguageOf	Republic of Turkey → Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus →
primaryCountryWhereSpoken	Cyprus → Turkey →
recognizedMinorityLanguageIn	Greece → Iraq → Kosovo → North Macedonia → Republic of Cyprus → Romania →
reform	Atatürk language reforms →
reformDate	1928 alphabet reform →
regulatingBody	Turkish Language Association →
regulatingBodyInTurkish	Türk Dil Kurumu →
scriptAfterReform	Latin-based Turkish alphabet →
scriptBeforeReform	Ottoman Turkish Arabic script →
standardVariety	Istanbul Turkish →
subfamily	Oghuz branch →
usedIn	Turkish government administration → Turkish literature → Turkish media → education in Turkey →
usesLoanwordsFrom	Arabic → English → French → Italian → Persian →
writingDirection	left-to-right →
writingSystem	Turkish Latin alphabet →

Referenced by (47)

Subject (surface form when different)	Predicate
Bulgarian language → Cypriot Greek → Egyptian Arabic → Romani language → Romanian language → Sudanese Arabic →	influencedBy
Azerbaijani language → Cypriot Turkish ("Standard Turkish") → Qashqai → Turkmen language →	closelyRelatedTo
Old Anatolian Turkish ("Modern Turkish") → Ottoman Turkish ("Modern Turkish") →	ancestorOf
David ("Turkish") → Michael ("Turkish") →	isUsedInLanguage
Kurdish language ("Turkish") → Levantine Arabic ("Turkish") →	lexicalInfluenceFrom
Google Translate ("Turkish") →	availableLanguage
Middle East ("Turkish") →	dominantLanguage
Turkish nationalism →	emphasizes
Turks →	ethnicLanguage
Megleno-Romanian ("Turkish") →	hasInfluenceFrom
Armand ("Turkish") →	hasLanguageOfUse
Croatian ("Turkish") →	hasLexicalInfluenceFrom
Sorani ("Turkish") →	hasLoanwordsFrom
Albanian language ("Turkish") →	hasLoanwordSource
Transeurasian languages ("Turkish") →	hasMajorLanguage
Balkan Sprachbund →	hasMemberLanguage
Lars Johanson →	hasWrittenAbout
Vlach (Aromanian people) →	historicalLanguageContactWith
Cappadocian Greek ("Turkish") →	languageContactWith
Janissaries ("Turkish: Yeniçeri") →	languageName
Turkic languages ("Turkish") →	largestLanguageBySpeakers
Salyr dialect →	lexicalSimilarityWith
Anatolia ("Turkish") →	modernLanguageMajority
Perge ("Turkish") →	modernNameLanguage
Turkish Land Forces ("Turkish") →	mottoLanguage
Seyla Benhabib ("Turkish") →	nationality
TDK →	regulates
Tabriz dialect →	relatedTo
Ottoman Turkish ("Modern Turkish") →	replacedBy
Khorasani Turkic ("Turkish") →	sharesFeaturesWith
Qashqai →	sharesLexiconWith
Balkan Turkish →	subclassOf
Whisper ("Turkish") →	supportsLanguage
Gagauz ("Turkish") →	traditionalCuisineInfluences
Latin alphabet →	writingSystemFor
Turkish alphabet →	writingSystemOf