Turkic languages

E37102

Altaic language group (disputed) language family

The Turkic languages are a family of closely related languages spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe and Anatolia through Central Asia to Siberia and Western China, including major languages such as Turkish, Azerbaijani, Uzbek, and Kazakh.

Aliases (3)

Statements (89)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Altaic language group (disputed) → language family →
areGeneticallyRelatedTo	each other →
areInfluencedBy	Arabic (lexicon) → Mongolic languages (contact) → Persian (lexicon) → Russian (lexicon) →
areNotGeneticallyRelatedTo	Indo-European languages → Semitic languages →
areOfficialLanguageFamilyOf	several sovereign states →
areSometimesGroupedWith	Mongolic languages (Altaic hypothesis) → Tungusic languages (Altaic hypothesis) →
areSpokenIn	Afghanistan → Anatolia → Azerbaijan → Caucasus → Central Asia → Eastern Europe → Iran → Iraq → Kazakhstan → Kyrgyzstan → Middle East → Mongolia → Northern Cyprus → Russia → Siberia → Syria → Turkey → Turkmenistan → Uzbekistan → Volga-Ural region → Western China → Xinjiang →
areStudiedInDiscipline	Turkology →
areSubjectOfDebate	Altaic hypothesis validity →
areWrittenIn	Arabic script (some languages) → Cyrillic script (many languages) → Latin script (many languages) →
hasBranch	Arghu (Khalaj) branch → Karluk languages → Kipchak languages → Oghur languages → Oghuz languages → Siberian Turkic languages →
hasCharacteristic	evidentiality markers in many members → extensive agglutination → lack of grammatical gender → possessive suffixes → postpositions instead of prepositions → rich case system → use of suffixes for tense and aspect → vowel harmony →
hasMajorLanguage	Altai → Azerbaijani → Bashkir → Chuvash → Crimean Tatar → Dolgan → Gagauz → Karaim → Karakalpak → Kazakh → Khakas → Khalaj → Kumyk → Kyrgyz → Nogai → Salar → Shor → Tatar → Turkish → Turkmen → Tuvan → Uyghur → Uzbek → Yakut →
hasProtoLanguage	Proto-Turkic language →
hasWritingSystemType	alphabetic →
haveEarliestAttestations	Orkhon inscriptions →
haveEarliestAttestationsCentury	8th century →
haveEstimatedNumberOfSpeakers	over 150 million →
haveHistoricalScript	Old Turkic script → Uyghur script → runiform Old Turkic alphabet →
largestLanguageBySpeakers	Turkish →
subclassOf	SOV word order languages → agglutinative languages →
typicalBasicWordOrder	subject–object–verb →

Referenced by (58)

Subject (surface form when different)	Predicate
Azerbaijani language → Chuvash → Crimean Tatar language → Crimean Tatars → Cumans → Cypriot Turkish → Göklen dialect → Iraqi Turkmen → Khorasani Turkic → Oghuz Uzbek → Proto-Turkic ("Turkic") → Qashqai ("Turkic") → Salyr dialect → Saryk dialect → Teke dialect → Turkmen language → Turks → Uyghur language (historically) → Uyghurs → Uzbek → Uzbeks →	languageFamily
Balkan Sprachbund → North Caucasus → South Caucasus →	hasLanguageFamily
Chagatai Turkic ("Turkic language family") → Ottoman Turkish ("Turkic language family") → Southwestern Turkic ("Turkic language family") →	partOf
Kazakh language ("Turkic language family") → Tatar language ("Turkic language family") →	family
Hazaragi → Hungarian language →	hasLoanwordsFrom
Hazaragi → Urdu →	hasPhonologicalInfluenceFrom
Afsharid Empire → Khalji dynasty →	language
Mongolic languages → Tungusic languages →	relatedTo
Altaic languages (proposed) →	coreMembers
Old Turkic (runiform and Uyghur-script traditions) →	earlyFormOf
Chuvash Republic ("Turkic") →	ethnolinguisticHeritage
Gustaf John Ramstedt →	fieldOfWork
Hazaragi →	hasInfluenceFrom
Suhrawardiyya →	hasLanguage
Epic of Köroğlu →	hasLanguageContext
Turkic world →	hasLinguisticFamily
Khan →	hasLinguisticOrigin
Altaic languages (proposed) →	hasSubgroup
Transeurasian languages →	includes
Medieval Greek →	influencedBy
Proto-Turkic →	isAncestorOf
Gustaf John Ramstedt →	languageOfWorkOrName
Qutlugh Nigar Khanum →	languageUsed
Lashkari Zaban ("Turkic") →	lexicalInfluenceFrom
Ottoman Turkish ("Turkic") →	lexicalSourceLanguage
Azerbaijan →	nationalLanguageFamily
Kipchak languages →	subclassOf
Southwestern Turkic ("Common Turkic") →	subdivisionOf
Mirza →	usedInLanguage