Cumans

E72529

Kipchak Turkic language Turkic people historical ethnic group medieval battle nomadic people

The Cumans were a nomadic Turkic people of the Eurasian steppe who played a significant role in medieval Eastern European politics and warfare before being largely displaced or assimilated following the Mongol expansion.

Observed surface forms (4)

Surface form	As subject	As object
Kipchaks	0	5
Battle of the Kalka River	2	0
Cuman language	1	0
Cumans (Kipchaks)	0	1

Statements (74)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Kipchak Turkic language → Turkic people → historical ethnic group → medieval battle → nomadic people →
alliedWith	Kievan Rus at the Battle of the Kalka River →
alsoKnownAs	Comani → Falben → Cumans → surface form: Kipchaks Kun → Polovtsians → Polovtsy →
assimilatedInto	Bulgarians → Hungarians → Romanians → Russians → Tatars →
causeOfMigration	Mongol conquests → surface form: Mongol expansion
conflictWith	Byzantine Empire → Kyivan Rus → surface form: Kievan Rus Kingdom of Hungary → Mongol Empire →
date	1223 →
defeatedAt	Battle of the Kalka River →
documentedIn	Byzantine sources → Latin medieval sources → Rus' chronicles → surface form: Rus chronicles
economy	horse breeding → pastoral nomadism →
ethnicGroupOf	Eurasian Steppe → surface form: Eurasian steppe Eurasian Steppe → surface form: Kipchak steppe Pontic–Caspian steppe →
influenced	military tactics of Eastern Europe →
languageFamily	Turkic languages →
laterReligion	Eastern Christianity → Islam → Roman Catholicism →
legacy	Cuman loanwords in Hungarian → Cuman loanwords in Romanian → Cumania region in medieval Hungary → place names in Bulgaria → place names in Hungary → place names in Romania →
migratedTo	Bulgaria → Byzantine Empire → Golden Horde territories → Kingdom of Hungary →
militarySpecialization	light cavalry →
militaryTactics	mounted archery →
partOf	Cuman–Kipchak confederation →
politicalRole	allies of the Kingdom of Hungary → enemies of Kievan Rus principalities → mercenaries in Byzantine service → mercenaries in Georgian service → military allies of Kievan Rus principalities → participants in conflicts in the Balkans → participants in conflicts in the Caucasus → steppe confederation →
region	Crimea → Eurasian Steppe → surface form: Eurasian steppe southern Pannonian Plain → surface form: Hungarian Plain Danube → surface form: Lower Danube Volga region → north of the Black Sea → north of the Caspian Sea →
relatedEthnicGroup	Cumans self-linksurface differs → surface form: Kipchaks Oghuz → surface form: Oghuz Turks Pechenegs →
religion	Tengrism →
socialStructure	tribal confederation →
spoke	Cuman language →
timePeriod	11th century → 12th century → 13th century →

Referenced by (8)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

David IV of Georgia → alliance → Cumans →

this entity surface form: Cumans (Kipchaks)

Cumans → alsoKnownAs → Cumans →