Civil Rights Act of 1964

E6283

United States federal statute civil rights legislation

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark U.S. federal law that outlawed segregation and major forms of discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, fundamentally reshaping American civil rights protections.

Aliases (8)

An Act to enforce the constitutional right to vote, to confer jurisdiction upon the district courts of the United States to provide injunctive relief against discrimination in public accommodations, to authorize the Attorney General to institute suits to protect constitutional rights in public facilities and public education, to extend the Commission on Civil Rights, to prevent discrimination in federally assisted programs, to establish a Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity, and for other purposes ×1
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (as political backdrop and opposition) ×1
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (in part) ×1
Civil Rights Act of 1964 Title I ×1
Civil Rights Act of 1968 ×1
Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ×1
Title III – Desegregation of Public Facilities ×1
Titles I–XI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ×1

Statements (53)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	United States federal statute → civil rights legislation →
alsoKnownAs	CRA 1964 →
appliesTo	employers with 15 or more employees (Title VII) → employment agencies → labor organizations →
authorizes	U.S. Attorney General to file suits to enforce desegregation → withholding of federal funds from discriminatory programs →
bans	employment discrimination by covered employers → segregation in public accommodations → segregation in public facilities →
constitutionalBasis	Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution → Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution →
country	United States →
effectiveDate	1964-07-02 →
enactedBy	88th United States Congress →
establishes	Equal Employment Opportunity Commission →
followedBy	Civil Rights Act of 1968 → Voting Rights Act of 1965 →
jurisdiction	federal government of the United States →
legislativeHistoryContext	Civil Rights Movement →
locationOfSigning	White House →
longTitle	An Act to enforce the constitutional right to vote, to confer jurisdiction upon the district courts of the United States to provide injunctive relief against discrimination in public accommodations, to authorize the Attorney General to institute suits to protect constitutional rights in public facilities and public education, to extend the Commission on Civil Rights, to prevent discrimination in federally assisted programs, to establish a Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity, and for other purposes →
precededBy	Civil Rights Act of 1957 → Civil Rights Act of 1960 →
presidentAtEnactment	Lyndon B. Johnson →
prohibitsDiscriminationOnBasisOf	color → national origin → race → religion → sex →
publicLawNumber	Pub.L. 88–352 →
shortTitle	Civil Rights Act of 1964 →
signedBy	Lyndon B. Johnson →
signingDate	1964-07-02 →
subject	civil rights → education equality → employment discrimination → public accommodations → racial segregation → voting rights →
title	Title I – Voting Rights → Title II – Public Accommodations → Title III – Desegregation of Public Facilities → Title IV – Desegregation of Public Education → Title IX – Intervention and Removal of Cases → Title VI – Nondiscrimination in Federally Assisted Programs → Title VII – Equal Employment Opportunity → Title VIII – Registration and Voting Statistics → Title X – Community Relations Service → Title XI – Miscellaneous →
upheldByCourtCase	Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States → Katzenbach v. McClung →

Referenced by (75)

Subject (surface form when different)	Predicate
"Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever" speech ("Civil Rights Act of 1964 (as political backdrop and opposition)") → 1963 "Stand in the Schoolhouse Door" incident → Children's March → Civil Rights Act of 1875 → Civil Rights Act of 1957 → Civil Rights Act of 1960 → Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 → Executive Order 11246 → Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 → Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act ("Civil Rights Act of 1968") → Ole Miss integration crisis → Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 → Pub.L. 89–110 → Public Law 86-449 → Title VIII → Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970 → Voting Rights Act of 1965 →	relatedTo
Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 → Title II – Public Accommodations → Title IV – Desegregation of Public Education → Title IX – Intervention and Removal of Cases → Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 → Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 → Title VIII – Registration and Voting Statistics → Title X – Community Relations Service →	partOf
"I Have a Dream" speech → American civil rights movement → Birmingham campaign → Children's Crusade (1963) → Civil Rights Act of 1875 → Project C (Confrontation) → St. Augustine movement →	influenced
Civil Rights Act of 1957 → Civil Rights Act of 1960 → Little Rock Integration Crisis → Public Law 86-449 →	followedBy
Civil Rights Act of 1866 → Civil Rights Act of 1960 → Executive Order 8802 →	precedes
Civil Rights Act of 1991 → Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 →	amends
Civil Rights Division → Special Litigation Section →	legalAuthority
Greensboro sit-ins → Katzenbach v. McClung →	relatedLegislation
Ollie McClung, Sr. →	associatedWith
Ollie’s Barbecue →	associatedWithLaw
Enforcement Clause ("Civil Rights Act of 1964 (in part)") →	basisFor
United States presidential election, 1964 →	campaignIssue
Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States ("Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964") →	challengedProvision
Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States →	challengedStatute
Ollie’s Barbecue refused to serve Black customers in its dining area →	challengedUnderLaw
Title II – Public Accommodations →	enactedAsPartOf
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission →	foundedBy
Great Society →	hasPart
American South (mid-20th century civil rights era) →	influencedLaw
Ollie’s Barbecue case →	involvesStatute
Lyndon B. Johnson →	knownFor
Voting Section ("Civil Rights Act of 1964 Title I") →	legalBasis
Civil Rights Act of 1964 ("An Act to enforce the constitutional right to vote, to confer jurisdiction upon the district courts of the United States to provide injunctive relief against discrimination in public accommodations, to authorize the Attorney General to institute suits to protect constitutional rights in public facilities and public education, to extend the Commission on Civil Rights, to prevent discrimination in federally assisted programs, to establish a Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity, and for other purposes") →	longTitle
Johnson administration →	notablePolicy
Ku Klux Klan →	opposedLegislation
Southern Democrats →	opposedPolicy
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ("Titles I–XI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964") →	partOfSeries
88th United States Congress →	passed
Voting Rights Act of 1965 →	precededBy
African-American history →	relatedToEvent
Public Law 88-352 →	shortName
Civil Rights Act of 1964 →	shortTitle
Lyndon B. Johnson →	signedIntoLaw
Southern Christian Leadership Conference →	supported
Civil Rights Act of 1964 ("Title III – Desegregation of Public Facilities") →	title
Jim Crow laws →	underminedBy
Reconstruction Amendments →	usedAsLegalBasisFor
Albert Gore Sr. →	votedAgainst