Birmingham campaign

E2652
civil rights campaign historical event nonviolent protest movement

The Birmingham campaign was a pivotal 1963 civil rights movement in Birmingham, Alabama, marked by nonviolent protests against racial segregation that drew national attention and helped spur major civil rights legislation.

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Observed surface forms (12)

Surface form Occurrences
1963 Birmingham campaign 2
Birmingham Campaign (1963) 2
Birmingham campaign (1963) 2

Statements (50)

Predicate Object
instanceOf civil rights campaign ⓘ
historical event ⓘ
nonviolent protest movement ⓘ
aimedAt desegregating downtown businesses ⓘ
ending racial segregation in Birmingham ⓘ
securing equal employment opportunities for Black residents ⓘ
associatedDocument Letter from Birmingham Jail ⓘ
confronted Jim Crow laws in Birmingham ⓘ
country United States of America ⓘ
surface form: United States
dateOf Letter from Birmingham Jail ⓘ
surface form: Letter from Birmingham Jail 1963-04-16
endDate 1963-05-10 ⓘ
followedBy March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom ⓘ
hasTheme nonviolent resistance ⓘ
racial equality ⓘ
religious motivation in social justice ⓘ
influenced Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ
public opinion on racial segregation in the United States ⓘ
keyLeader Fred Shuttlesworth ⓘ
Martin Luther King Jr. ⓘ
Ralph Abernathy ⓘ
Wyatt Tee Walker ⓘ
location Birmingham, Alabama, United States ⓘ
surface form: Birmingham, Alabama
mediaCoverageBy The New York Times ⓘ
national television networks ⓘ
method boycotts ⓘ
marches ⓘ
mass meetings ⓘ
nonviolent direct action ⓘ
sit-ins ⓘ
notableEvent Children's Crusade ⓘ
Birmingham campaign self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form: Good Friday arrest of Martin Luther King Jr.

Project C (Confrontation) ⓘ
use of police dogs and fire hoses against demonstrators ⓘ
notableParticipant Andrew Young ⓘ
Dorothy Cotton ⓘ
James Bevel ⓘ
opposedBy Birmingham Police Department ⓘ
Bull Connor ⓘ
organizedBy Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights ⓘ
Southern Christian Leadership Conference ⓘ
partOf American civil rights movement ⓘ
precededBy Albany Movement ⓘ
result agreement to desegregate Birmingham lunch counters ⓘ
agreement to remove discriminatory hiring practices in Birmingham ⓘ
increased national media attention to civil rights abuses ⓘ
release of jailed demonstrators ⓘ
startDate 1963-04-03 ⓘ
tactic filling jails strategy ⓘ
use of schoolchildren in demonstrations ⓘ
timePeriod 1963 ⓘ

Referenced by (37)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Project C (Confrontation) → alsoKnownAs → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
16th Street Baptist Church → associatedWith → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
Kelly Ingram Park → associatedWith → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
this entity surface form: Civil Rights Movement in Birmingham
Birmingham city jail → associatedWithEvent → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
subject surface form: Birmingham City Jail
this entity surface form: Birmingham campaign (1963)
this entity surface form: 1963 Birmingham campaign
this entity surface form: Project C (Birmingham Campaign)
this entity surface form: 1963 Birmingham children’s crusade
Cynthia Wesley → associatedWithEvent → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
this entity surface form: 1963 Birmingham campaign
Birmingham, Alabama, United States → hasEvent → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
subject surface form: Birmingham, Alabama
this entity surface form: Birmingham Campaign (1963)
American civil rights movement → hasPart → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
A Call for Unity → historicalContext → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
Birmingham → historicalEvent → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
subject surface form: Birmingham, Alabama
this entity surface form: Birmingham campaign (1963)
Why We Can’t Wait → includesEvent → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
Kelly Ingram Park → knownFor → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
this entity surface form: Project C (Birmingham Campaign)
Bull Connor → knownForEvent → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
Why We Can’t Wait → mainSubject → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
this entity surface form: Birmingham civil rights movement
SCLC → notableCampaign → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
this entity surface form: Birmingham Campaign of 1963
Birmingham campaign → notableEvent → Birmingham campaign self-linksurface differs ⓘ
this entity surface form: Good Friday arrest of Martin Luther King Jr.
Wyatt Tee Walker → notableEvent → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
Fred Shuttlesworth → notableWork → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
this entity surface form: Birmingham Campaign
Children's Crusade → partOf → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
subject surface form: Children's Crusade (1963)
Children's March → partOf → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
Diane Nash → participantIn → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
James Bevel → participantIn → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
Fred Shuttlesworth → participatedIn → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
this entity surface form: Birmingham campaign of 1963
Martin Luther King Jr. → participatedIn → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
Children's March → relatedTo → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
A.G. Gaston Motel → significantEvent → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
Kelly Ingram Park → significantEvent → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
this entity surface form: Birmingham Campaign (1963)
Project C (Confrontation) → significantEvent → Birmingham campaign ⓘ
this entity surface form: Good Friday marches of 1963
Letter from Birmingham Jail → writtenDuring → Birmingham campaign ⓘ