Project C (Confrontation)
E15206
Project C (Confrontation) was the coordinated series of nonviolent direct actions in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1963 that aimed to provoke confrontation and draw national attention to segregation and racial injustice.
Aliases (1)
- Project C ×1
Statements (51)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
civil rights campaign
→
nonviolent direct action campaign → protest movement → |
| alsoKnownAs |
Birmingham campaign
→
Project C → |
| chronology |
preceded the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
→
|
| country |
United States
→
|
| field |
civil rights
→
|
| hasMainGoal |
to challenge racial segregation in Birmingham, Alabama
→
to provoke confrontation that would draw national attention to segregation and racial injustice → |
| hasPart |
Children's Crusade
→
boycott of downtown Birmingham businesses → mass marches in downtown Birmingham → sit-ins at segregated lunch counters → |
| influenced |
Civil Rights Act of 1964
→
|
| keyPerson |
Fred Shuttlesworth
→
James Bevel → Martin Luther King Jr. → Ralph Abernathy → Wyatt Tee Walker → |
| location |
Birmingham, Alabama
→
|
| movement |
American civil rights movement
→
|
| namedAfter |
"Confrontation"
→
|
| notableDocumentAssociated |
"Letter from Birmingham Jail"
→
|
| opponent |
Birmingham Police Department
→
Birmingham city government → Public Safety Commissioner Eugene "Bull" Connor → segregationist authorities in Birmingham → |
| organizer |
ACMHR
→
Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights → SCLC → Southern Christian Leadership Conference → |
| result |
galvanizing public support for federal civil rights legislation
→
increased national media attention to racial segregation in the South → negotiated agreement to desegregate Birmingham's public facilities → |
| significantEvent |
Children's Crusade
→
Good Friday marches of 1963 → arrest of Martin Luther King Jr. in Birmingham → mass arrests of demonstrators → use of police dogs and fire hoses against protesters → |
| socialIssue |
racial injustice
→
racial segregation → |
| startTime |
1963
→
|
| strategicConcept |
creating a crisis to force negotiation
→
nonviolent confrontation → |
| timePeriod |
Civil Rights Movement era
→
|
| usesMethod |
boycotts
→
marches → mass meetings → nonviolent direct action → sit-ins → |
Referenced by (3)
| Subject (surface form when different) | Predicate |
|---|---|
|
Project C (Confrontation)
("Project C")
→
|
alsoKnownAs |
|
Birmingham campaign
→
|
notableEvent |
|
Children's March
→
|
relatedTo |