Civil Rights Act of 1991
E31053
The Civil Rights Act of 1991 is a U.S. federal law that strengthened and expanded workplace discrimination protections, including by enhancing employees’ rights to sue and recover damages for intentional discrimination.
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal statute
ⓘ
civil rights law ⓘ |
| amends |
42 U.S.C. § 1981
ⓘ
Americans with Disabilities Act ⓘ
surface form:
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ Rehabilitation Act of 1973 ⓘ Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
federal government in certain provisions
ⓘ
private employers meeting Title VII coverage thresholds ⓘ state and local government employers ⓘ |
| citation | 105 Stat. 1071 ⓘ |
| clarifies |
burden of proof in disparate impact cases
ⓘ
mixed-motive discrimination standards ⓘ standards for disparate impact claims under Title VII ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| covers |
color discrimination in employment
ⓘ
disability discrimination in employment ⓘ national origin discrimination in employment ⓘ race discrimination in employment ⓘ religion discrimination in employment ⓘ sex discrimination in employment ⓘ |
| dateSigned | 1991-11-21 ⓘ |
| enactedBy | United States Congress ⓘ |
| establishes | caps on combined compensatory and punitive damages based on employer size ⓘ |
| expands | scope of 42 U.S.C. § 1981 to cover post-contract discrimination ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States government
ⓘ
surface form:
United States federal government
|
| presidentAtEnactment | George H. W. Bush ⓘ |
| prohibits |
intentional employment discrimination
ⓘ
retaliation for opposing unlawful employment practices ⓘ |
| protects |
employees
ⓘ
job applicants ⓘ |
| providesFor |
compensatory damages for intentional employment discrimination
ⓘ
jury trials in certain Title VII and ADA cases ⓘ punitive damages for intentional employment discrimination in certain cases ⓘ |
| publicLawNumber | Public Law 102-166 ⓘ |
| purpose |
to clarify provisions regarding disparate impact actions
ⓘ
to provide for damages in cases of intentional employment discrimination ⓘ to respond to certain Supreme Court decisions limiting civil rights protections ⓘ to strengthen and improve federal civil rights laws ⓘ |
| respondsToCourtDecision |
Lorance v. AT&T Technologies, Inc.
ⓘ
Patterson v. McLean Credit Union ⓘ Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins ⓘ Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Atonio ⓘ |
| shortDescription | U.S. law enhancing remedies and standards in employment discrimination cases ⓘ |
| signedBy | George H. W. Bush ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
employment discrimination
ⓘ
remedies for intentional discrimination ⓘ workplace civil rights ⓘ |
| title | Civil Rights Act of 1991 self-link ⓘ |
| yearEnacted | 1991 ⓘ |
Referenced by (6)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.