Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins
E31057
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins is a 1989 U.S. Supreme Court case that established that employment decisions based on gender stereotyping violate federal anti-discrimination law and clarified the burden-shifting framework for mixed-motive discrimination claims.
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Title VII case
→
United States Supreme Court case → employment discrimination case → |
| arguedDate |
1988-10-31
→
|
| citation |
490 U.S. 228
→
|
| concurrenceBy |
Antonin Scalia
→
Harry A. Blackmun → John Paul Stevens → Sandra Day O'Connor → |
| country |
United States
→
|
| court |
Supreme Court of the United States
→
|
| decisionDate |
1989-05-01
→
|
| defendant |
Price Waterhouse
→
|
| dissentBy |
Anthony M. Kennedy
→
Byron R. White → Sandra Day O'Connor → William H. Rehnquist → |
| docketNumber |
87-1167
→
|
| employerBurdenStandard |
preponderance of the evidence
→
|
| fullName |
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins
→
|
| genderStereotypingRecognizedAs |
evidence of sex discrimination
→
|
| holding |
Employment decisions based on gender stereotyping violate Title VII
→
In mixed-motive cases under Title VII, once a plaintiff shows that discrimination was a motivating factor, the burden shifts to the employer to prove it would have made the same decision absent the discriminatory motive → |
| influenced |
Civil Rights Act of 1991
→
|
| issue |
allocation of burdens of proof in mixed-motive discrimination cases
→
whether sex stereotyping constitutes sex discrimination under Title VII → |
| jurisdiction |
federal question jurisdiction
→
|
| legalArea |
anti-discrimination law
→
civil rights law → employment law → |
| legalPrinciple |
gender stereotyping is a form of sex discrimination
→
mixed-motive burden-shifting framework under Title VII → |
| lowerCourt |
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
→
|
| majorityOpinionBy |
William J. Brennan Jr.
→
|
| plaintiff |
Ann Hopkins
→
|
| plaintiffBurdenStandard |
show that discrimination was a motivating factor in the employment decision
→
|
| pluralityOpinionBy |
William J. Brennan Jr.
→
|
| precedentFor |
mixed-motive discrimination analysis under Title VII
→
recognition of gender stereotyping as actionable discrimination → |
| rearguedDate |
1989-03-01
→
|
| relatedConcept |
burden shifting
→
gender stereotyping → mixed-motive framework → |
| result |
judgment vacated and case remanded
→
|
| shortName |
Price Waterhouse
→
|
| statuteInterpreted |
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
→
|
| voteSplit |
6-3 on liability issues
→
|
| yearDecided |
1989
→
|
Referenced by (3)
| Subject (surface form when different) | Predicate |
|---|---|
|
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins
→
|
fullName |
|
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
→
|
landmarkCase |
|
Civil Rights Act of 1991
→
|
respondsToCourtDecision |