Jim Crow laws

E4187

racial segregation laws system of laws

Jim Crow laws were a system of state and local statutes in the United States that enforced racial segregation and disenfranchised African Americans, particularly in the South, from the late 19th century through the mid-20th century.

Aliases (13)

Jim Crow era ×21
Jim Crow segregation ×4
Jim Crow era United States ×3
Jim Crow era in the American South ×2
Jim Crow era in the United States ×2
Black (under Louisiana law) ×1
Jim Crow era in Alabama ×1
Jim Crow era segregation ×1
Jim Crow laws in Mississippi ×1
Jim Crow laws in the United States ×1
Jim Crow segregation in the American South ×1
Louisiana Separate Car Act of 1890 ×1
civil rights movement (early Jim Crow era) ×1

Statements (55)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	racial segregation laws → system of laws →
aimedAt	African Americans →
appliedIn	Southern United States → border states of the United States →
basedOn	racial discrimination → white supremacy ideology →
country	United States →
disenfranchised	African American voters →
endTime	mid-20th century →
enforcedBy	law enforcement agencies → local governments → state governments →
hadConsequence	economic inequality → political disenfranchisement of African Americans → racial violence and intimidation → social segregation →
historicalPeriod	Jim Crow era →
influencedBy	Black Codes → Reconstruction-era racial politics →
justifiedBy	separate but equal doctrine →
legalBasisStrengthenedBy	Plessy v. Ferguson →
legalBasisWeakenedBy	Brown v. Board of Education →
legalized	racial segregation →
legalStatus	local law → state law →
mainSubject	African Americans → racial segregation →
opposedBy	African American community organizations → NAACP → civil rights activists →
partOf	systemic racism in the United States →
repealedBy	federal civil rights legislation →
restricted	African American voting rights →
segregated	cemeteries → drinking fountains → hospitals → housing → libraries → military units in some states → public parks → public restrooms → public schools → public transportation → restaurants → theaters →
startTime	late 19th century →
supportedBy	many white political leaders in the South →
underminedBy	Civil Rights Act of 1964 → Voting Rights Act of 1965 →
usedMethod	gerrymandering → grandfather clauses → literacy tests → poll taxes → white primaries →

Referenced by (66)

Subject (surface form when different)	Predicate
ACMHR → Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights → American civil rights movement → Congress of Racial Equality → Congress of Racial Equality → St. Augustine movement →	opposed
"I Have a Dream" speech ("Jim Crow segregation") → Color Struck ("Jim Crow era United States") → Great Migration of African Americans ("Jim Crow era") → Vivian "Buster" Burey Marshall ("Jim Crow era United States") → Why We Can’t Wait ("Jim Crow laws in the United States") →	historicalContext
Compromise of 1877 → Mississippi Plan of 1875 ("Jim Crow laws in Mississippi") → Reconstruction era ("Jim Crow era") → Redemption (end of Reconstruction governments) ("Jim Crow era") →	followedBy
Jim Crow laws ("Jim Crow era") → Montgomery bus boycott ("Jim Crow era in the American South") → National Religious Training School and Chautauqua ("Jim Crow era") → Wilmington insurrection of 1898 ("Jim Crow era") →	historicalPeriod
Murder of Emmett Till ("Jim Crow era") → Negro American League ("Jim Crow era") → Robert Russa Moton High School ("Jim Crow era") →	era
"Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever" speech ("Jim Crow era in Alabama") → Corrigan v. Buckley ("Jim Crow era") → Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education ("Jim Crow era") →	timePeriod
Clarendon County school board ("Jim Crow era in the American South") → County School Board of Prince Edward County ("Jim Crow era in the United States") →	historicalEra
African-American culture → Chicago Black Renaissance ("Jim Crow segregation in the American South") →	influencedBy
Greensboro Student Executive Committee for Justice → Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee →	opposedTo
Rosa Parks: My Story →	about
Great Migration of African Americans →	cause
American South (mid-20th century civil rights era) →	characterizedBy
Plessy v. Ferguson ("Louisiana Separate Car Act of 1890") →	concernedStatute
I, Too ("Jim Crow era segregation") →	culturalContext
Colored Town ("Jim Crow era") →	developedDuring
To Kill a Mockingbird →	exploresIssue
Legacy Museum ("Jim Crow segregation") →	focusesOn
American South (mid-20th century civil rights era) ("Jim Crow segregation") →	governedByLegalRegime
Simple Speaks His Mind ("Jim Crow era United States") →	hasCulturalContext
Rosa Parks Museum →	hasExhibitsAbout
Southern United States →	hasHistoricalCharacteristic
Black Protestant churches ("Jim Crow era") →	hasHistoricalRootIn
Black Americans ("Jim Crow segregation") →	historicalExperience
Deep South →	historicallyAssociatedWith
Black Belt (U.S. region) ("Jim Crow era") →	historicalPeriodOfImportance
Sweet Auburn neighborhood ("Jim Crow era") →	historicalPeriodOfSignificance
African-American history ("Jim Crow era") →	includesPeriod
Southern Democrats ("Jim Crow era") →	influentialEra
American South (19th and early 20th centuries) →	legalRegime
Daisy Bates ("Jim Crow era in the United States") →	livedDuring
Homer Plessy ("civil rights movement (early Jim Crow era)") →	movement
Negro National League ("Jim Crow era") →	operatedDuring
American liberalism →	opposes
Plessy v. Ferguson ("Black (under Louisiana law)") →	plaintiffRaceClassification
Plessy v. Ferguson ("Jim Crow era") →	relatedMovement
Black Codes →	replacedBy
Overtown ("Jim Crow era") →	segregationEra
Mulatto ("Jim Crow era") →	settingPeriod
African American studies →	studies
The Warmth of Other Suns →	subject
Briggs v. Elliott →	subjectMatter
Freedom Summer →	targetedProblem
Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents →	topic
Lost Cause ideology →	usedToLegitimize