Black Codes
E13970
The Black Codes were restrictive laws enacted in the post–Civil War American South to control and limit the rights and freedoms of newly emancipated African Americans.
Observed surface forms (2)
| Surface form | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Black Laws | 1 |
| Texas Black Codes | 1 |
Statements (57)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
legal system of racial control
ⓘ
post–Civil War legislation ⓘ racially discriminatory laws ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Black Codes
ⓘ
surface form:
Black Laws
|
| appliedIn |
Southern United States
ⓘ
surface form:
American South
|
| basedOn | antebellum slave codes ⓘ |
| consequence |
criminalization of Black unemployment
ⓘ
forced labor through convict leasing ⓘ re-creation of conditions similar to slavery ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| endTime | late 1860s ⓘ |
| followedEvent |
American Civil War
ⓘ
Emancipation Proclamation ⓘ Thirteenth Amendment ⓘ
surface form:
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
|
| hasEffect |
institutionalization of racial segregation and inequality
ⓘ
limitation of economic opportunities for African Americans ⓘ reinforcement of sharecropping system ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | Reconstruction era ⓘ |
| implementedBy |
Southern state legislatures
ⓘ
former Confederate states ⓘ |
| implementedIn |
Alabama
ⓘ
Arkansas ⓘ Florida ⓘ Georgia ⓘ Louisiana ⓘ Mississippi ⓘ North Carolina ⓘ South Carolina ⓘ Tennessee ⓘ Texas ⓘ Virginia ⓘ |
| imposed |
apprenticeship laws binding Black children to white employers
ⓘ
curfews on African Americans ⓘ vagrancy laws targeting unemployed African Americans ⓘ |
| ledTo |
Civil Rights Act of 1866
ⓘ
Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ
surface form:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Reconstruction Acts of 1867 ⓘ
surface form:
Reconstruction Acts
|
| legalStatus | state and local laws ⓘ |
| mainSubject |
Black Americans
ⓘ
surface form:
African Americans
|
| opposedBy |
Benjamin F. Butler
ⓘ
surface form:
Freedmen’s Bureau officials
Radical Republicanism ⓘ
surface form:
Radical Republicans
|
| partOf | history of racial segregation in the United States ⓘ |
| purpose |
to control newly emancipated African Americans
ⓘ
to limit civil rights of freedpeople ⓘ to maintain a cheap Black labor force ⓘ to preserve white supremacy ⓘ |
| replacedBy | Jim Crow laws ⓘ |
| required | labor contracts for African American workers ⓘ |
| restricted |
freedom of movement of African Americans
ⓘ
right of African Americans to bear arms ⓘ right of African Americans to own property ⓘ right of African Americans to serve on juries ⓘ right of African Americans to testify against whites in court ⓘ right of African Americans to vote in most Southern states ⓘ |
| startTime | 1865 ⓘ |
| studiedIn |
African American history
ⓘ
legal history of the United States ⓘ |
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Black Laws
this entity surface form:
Texas Black Codes