Fourteenth Amendment

E2552

United States constitutional law constitutional amendment

The Fourteenth Amendment is a key post–Civil War addition to the U.S. Constitution that guarantees citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law, forming the foundation of many modern civil rights protections.

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All labels observed (22)

Label	Occurrences
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution	196
Fourteenth Amendment canonical	26
Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause	3
Equal Protection Clause	2
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment	2
Fourteenth Amendment rights	2
Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment	2
14th Amendment	1
Amendment XIV	1
Amendment XIV of the United States Constitution	1
Citizenship Clause	1
Fourteenth Amendment (argued but not basis of holding)	1
Fourteenth Amendment (context of civil rights enforcement)	1
Fourteenth Amendment (referenced but not primary basis)	1
Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution	1
The Fourteenth Amendment does not guarantee women the right to vote	1
The Fourteenth Amendment prohibits states from requiring children to attend only public schools	1
U.S. Const. amend. XIV	1
U.S. Constitution Fourteenth Amendment	1
U.S. Constitution, Amendment XIV	1
U.S. Constitution, Fourteenth Amendment	1
United States Constitution Fourteenth Amendment	1

Statements (51)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	United States constitutional law ⓘ constitutional amendment ⓘ
adoptedAfter	American Civil War ⓘ
aimedAt	protecting rights of formerly enslaved people ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ surface form: 14th Amendment Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ surface form: Amendment XIV
appliesTo	states ⓘ
belongsTo	Reconstruction Amendments ⓘ
containsClause	Fourteenth Amendment self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Citizenship Clause Due Process Clause ⓘ Enforcement Clause ⓘ Equal Protection Clause ⓘ Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause
country	United States of America ⓘ
effectiveDate	1868-07-28 ⓘ
empowers	United States Congress ⓘ
empowersFor	enforcement by appropriate legislation ⓘ
followedBy	Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ
follows	Thirteenth Amendment ⓘ surface form: Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
guarantees	birthright citizenship ⓘ due process of law ⓘ equal protection of the laws ⓘ
historicalPeriod	Reconstruction era ⓘ
keyCase	Brown v. Board of Education ⓘ Bush v. Gore ⓘ Gideon v. Wainwright ⓘ Gitlow v. New York ⓘ Loving v. Virginia ⓘ Mapp v. Ohio ⓘ Miranda v. Arizona ⓘ Obergefell v. Hodges ⓘ Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) ⓘ surface form: Plessy v. Ferguson Regents of the University of California v. Bakke ⓘ Roe v. Wade ⓘ Shelby County v. Holder ⓘ
legalDoctrine	incorporation of the Bill of Rights ⓘ
limits	state governments ⓘ
locatedInLegalDocument	United States Constitution ⓘ surface form: Constitution of the United States, Article V amendments
partOf	United States Constitution ⓘ
proposedBy	United States Congress ⓘ
proposedOn	1866-06-13 ⓘ
ratifiedOn	1868-07-09 ⓘ
relatedTo	Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ Thirteenth Amendment ⓘ surface form: Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
sectionCount	5 ⓘ
subjectMatter	citizenship law ⓘ civil rights ⓘ equal protection jurisprudence ⓘ procedural due process ⓘ substantive due process ⓘ
usedFor	selective incorporation of federal rights against the states ⓘ

Referenced by (248)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Thirteenth Amendment → followedBy → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

American Civil War → legalOutcome → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Brown v. Board of Education → legalIssue → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Brown v. Board of Education → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Brown v. Board of Education → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause

Roe v. Wade → interpretsConstitutionalProvision → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause

Bush v. Gore → legalIssue → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Bush v. Gore → constitutionalProvision → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: U.S. Constitution, Amendment XIV

Free Exercise Clause → extendedToStatesBy → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

United States v. Virginia (1996) majority opinion → legalIssue → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause

United States v. Virginia (1996) majority opinion → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

U.S. citizens → protectedBy → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Clause 39 → influenced → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Fourteenth Amendment → containsClause → Fourteenth Amendment self-linksurface differs ⓘ

subject surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

this entity surface form: Citizenship Clause

Fourteenth Amendment → alsoKnownAs → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

subject surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

this entity surface form: Amendment XIV

Fourteenth Amendment → alsoKnownAs → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

subject surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

this entity surface form: 14th Amendment

Civil Rights Act of 1866 → relatedTo → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization → legalIssue → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

report "To Secure These Rights" → legalBasisReferenced → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

subject surface form: To Secure These Rights

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Obergefell v. Hodges → legalIssue → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

Obergefell v. Hodges → relatedConstitutionalProvision → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: U.S. Constitution Fourteenth Amendment

First Amendment to the United States Constitution → incorporatedThrough → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Establishment Clause → appliedThrough → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

Wisconsin v. Yoder → appliedToStatesThrough → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah → appliedToStatesThrough → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review → focusesOn → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

Reconstruction Acts of 1867 → requiredRatificationOf → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Radical Republicanism → supported → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Civil Rights Act of 1964 → constitutionalBasis → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

United States constitutional history → includesTopic → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Miranda v. Arizona → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: U.S. Constitution, Fourteenth Amendment

Civil Rights Act of 1875 → constitutionalBasisClaimed → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Furman v. Georgia → constitutionalProvision → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Katzenbach v. McClung → constitutionalProvision → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment (referenced but not primary basis)

Due Process Clause → locatedIn → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Due Process Clause → foundInSection → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment

Gideon v. Wainwright → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Voting Rights Act of 1965 → constitutionalBasis → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County → constitutionalProvisionInvoked → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution → follows → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Doe v. Bolton → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Equal Justice Under Law (associated with the Supreme Court building inscription) → relatedTo → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

subject surface form: Equal Justice Under Law

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Cantwell v. Connecticut → appliedToStatesThrough → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause

Smith v. Allwright → constitutionalProvision → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Civil Rights Act of 1960 → constitutionalBasis → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Briggs v. Elliott → constitutionalProvisionInvoked → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Enforcement Clause → partOf → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Enforcement Clause → constitutionalArticle → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Amendment XIV of the United States Constitution

Black Codes → ledTo → Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution