Privileges and Immunities Clause

E2677

constitutional clause provision of the United States Constitution

The Privileges and Immunities Clause is a constitutional provision that prevents states from discriminating against citizens of other states in fundamental rights such as access to courts, property, and employment.

Observed surface forms (11)

Surface form	Occurrences
Article IV Privileges and Immunities Clause	5
Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment	5
Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV	3
Privileges or Immunities Clause	3
Article IV Privileges and Immunities	1
Comity Clause	1
Privileges and Immunities of state citizenship	1
Privileges and Immunities, Extradition, and Fugitive Slaves	1
The Privileges and Immunities Clause protects the right of citizens to pursue a common calling in other states on substantially equal terms	1
U.S. Const. art. IV, § 2, cl. 1	1
the Privileges and Immunities Clause protects the right of citizens to pursue a common calling in other states	1

Statements (41)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	constitutional clause ⓘ provision of the United States Constitution ⓘ
allows	reasonable, nonprotectionist distinctions between residents and nonresidents ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ surface form: Comity Clause
appliesTo	citizens of the several states ⓘ state executive action ⓘ state legislation ⓘ
citation	Privileges and Immunities Clause self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: U.S. Const. art. IV, § 2, cl. 1
constitutionalFunction	to help create a national economic union ⓘ to secure equal treatment for out-of-state citizens in fundamental matters ⓘ
distinctFrom	Commerce Clause ⓘ surface form: Dormant Commerce Clause Privileges and Immunities Clause self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
doesNotApplyTo	nonfundamental activities such as recreational hunting ⓘ
doesNotProtect	corporations ⓘ non-citizen aliens ⓘ
doesNotRequire	identical treatment in all circumstances ⓘ
enforcedThrough	federal judicial review ⓘ
foundIn	Article IV ⓘ surface form: Article IV of the United States Constitution
historicalSource	Articles of Confederation ⓘ surface form: Articles of Confederation comity provisions
interpretedBy	Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ
keyCase	Baldwin v. Fish and Game Commission of Montana ⓘ Corfield v. Coryell ⓘ Paul v. Virginia ⓘ Saenz v. Roe ⓘ Supreme Court of New Hampshire v. Piper ⓘ Toomer v. Witsell ⓘ United Building & Construction Trades Council v. Mayor and Council of Camden ⓘ
limits	economic protectionism by states ⓘ state discrimination against nonresidents ⓘ
protects	access to courts ⓘ fundamental rights of out-of-state citizens ⓘ the right to own and transfer property ⓘ the right to pursue a common calling ⓘ the right to pursue employment ⓘ the right to travel between states in connection with fundamental rights ⓘ
purpose	to prevent a state from discriminating against citizens of other states ⓘ
relatedTo	interstate comity ⓘ national unity ⓘ
requires	close relationship between discriminatory means and state objectives ⓘ substantial reason for discrimination against nonresidents ⓘ
textBeginsWith	"The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States." ⓘ

Referenced by (40)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Article IV → Section 2Title → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

subject surface form: Article IV of the United States Constitution

this entity surface form: Privileges and Immunities, Extradition, and Fugitive Slaves

Privileges and Immunities Clause → alsoKnownAs → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Comity Clause

Corfield v. Coryell → appliesConstitutionalProvision → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article IV Privileges and Immunities Clause

Privileges and Immunities Clause → citation → Privileges and Immunities Clause self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: U.S. Const. art. IV, § 2, cl. 1

Supreme Court of New Hampshire v. Piper → constitutionalBasisOfChallenge → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV

United Building & Construction Trades Council v. Mayor and Council of Camden → constitutionalClauseInterpreted → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Supreme Court of Virginia v. Friedman → constitutionalProvision → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article IV Privileges and Immunities Clause

Saenz v. Roe → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Toomer v. Witsell → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article IV Privileges and Immunities Clause

Barnard v. Thorstenn → constitutionalProvisionInvolved → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article IV Privileges and Immunities Clause

Corfield → constitutionalProvisionInvolved → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article IV Privileges and Immunities Clause

United States Constitution → contains → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Article IV → containsClause → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

subject surface form: Article IV of the United States Constitution

Article IV, Section 2 of the United States Constitution → containsClause → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Fourteenth Amendment → containsClause → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

subject surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause

Guarantee Clause → distinctFrom → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Privileges and Immunities Clause → distinctFrom → Privileges and Immunities Clause self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Full Faith and Credit Clause → distinguishedFrom → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment → enforces → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause

Article IV of the United States Constitution → hasClause → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Article IV, Section 2 of the United States Constitution → hasPart → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Toomer v. Witsell → holding → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: The Privileges and Immunities Clause protects the right of citizens to pursue a common calling in other states on substantially equal terms

Article IV, Section 2 of the United States Constitution → legalDoctrine → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges and Immunities of state citizenship

Baldwin v. Fish and Game Commission of Montana → legalIssue → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV

Paul v. Virginia → legalIssue → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV

Supreme Court of Virginia v. Friedman → legalIssue → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

United Building & Construction Trades Council v. Mayor and Council of Camden → legalIssue → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article IV Privileges and Immunities

Corfield → legalIssueInvolved → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Barnard v. Thorstenn → legalSubject → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Hicklin v. Orbeck → legalSubject → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Supreme Court of New Hampshire v. Piper → legalSubject → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Hicklin v. Orbeck → reasoning → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: the Privileges and Immunities Clause protects the right of citizens to pursue a common calling in other states

Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution → relatedTo → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Article IV, Section 2 of the United States Constitution → relatedTo → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Due Process Clause → relatedTo → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause

Enforcement Clause → relatedTo → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Extradition Clause → relatedTo → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Article IV of the United States Constitution → subjectOf → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

Incorporation doctrine → usesClause → Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment