Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment

E85762

constitutional provision enforcement clause

Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment, known as the Enforcement Clause, grants Congress the power to pass legislation to uphold the amendment’s guarantees of equal protection and due process.

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All labels observed (2)

Label	Occurrences
Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment canonical	3
Fourteenth Amendment Enforcement Clause	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T699639 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment
Context triple: [Enforcement Clause, alsoKnownAs, Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment]

A. Fourteenth Amendment
The Fourteenth Amendment is a key post–Civil War addition to the U.S. Constitution that guarantees citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law, forming the foundation of many modern civil rights protections.
B. Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution is a key component of the Bill of Rights that protects individuals against self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.
C. Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution
Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution is the provision that requires each state to recognize and honor the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.
D. Equal Protection Clause
The Equal Protection Clause is a key constitutional provision that prohibits states from denying any person within their jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, forming the basis for many landmark civil rights decisions in the United States.
E. Article III, Section 1 of the United States Constitution
Article III, Section 1 of the United States Constitution is the provision that establishes the federal judiciary, including the Supreme Court, and guarantees life tenure and salary protection for federal judges.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment
Target entity description: Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment, known as the Enforcement Clause, grants Congress the power to pass legislation to uphold the amendment’s guarantees of equal protection and due process.

A. Fourteenth Amendment
The Fourteenth Amendment is a key post–Civil War addition to the U.S. Constitution that guarantees citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law, forming the foundation of many modern civil rights protections.
B. Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution is a key component of the Bill of Rights that protects individuals against self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.
C. Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution
Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution is the provision that requires each state to recognize and honor the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.
D. Equal Protection Clause
The Equal Protection Clause is a key constitutional provision that prohibits states from denying any person within their jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, forming the basis for many landmark civil rights decisions in the United States.
E. Article III, Section 1 of the United States Constitution
Article III, Section 1 of the United States Constitution is the provision that establishes the federal judiciary, including the Supreme Court, and guarantees life tenure and salary protection for federal judges.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (45)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	constitutional provision ⓘ enforcement clause ⓘ
adoptedWith	Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
adoptionDate	1868 ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Enforcement Clause ⓘ surface form: Enforcement Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
appliesTo	state governments ⓘ state officials ⓘ
basisFor	congressional abrogation of Eleventh Amendment immunity in certain civil rights statutes ⓘ federal remedies against state discrimination ⓘ
constitutionalAuthorityFor	Civil Rights Act enforcement provisions ⓘ Voting Rights Act of 1965 ⓘ federal civil rights legislation ⓘ
constitutionalFunction	to ensure effectiveness of Fourteenth Amendment guarantees ⓘ
constitutionalLocation	Article XIV, Section 5, United States Constitution ⓘ
constrains	Congress by congruence and proportionality requirement as interpreted by the Supreme Court ⓘ
distinguishedFrom	judicial power to interpret the Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ
doesNotGrant	general power to redefine the scope of Fourteenth Amendment rights ⓘ
enforces	Due Process Clause ⓘ Equal Protection Clause ⓘ Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ surface form: Privileges or Immunities Clause Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ
grantsBranchPower	legislative branch ⓘ
grantsPowerTo	United States Congress ⓘ
historicalContext	Reconstruction era ⓘ surface form: Reconstruction Era
interpretedByCase	Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett ⓘ City of Boerne v. Flores ⓘ Katzenbach v. Morgan ⓘ Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs ⓘ Shelby County v. Holder ⓘ South Carolina v. Katzenbach ⓘ Tennessee v. Lane ⓘ United States v. Morrison ⓘ
jurisdiction	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
languageCharacter	broad grant of enforcement authority ⓘ
legalEffect	authorizes Congress to enact remedial and preventive legislation ⓘ
limitsDescribedIn	City of Boerne v. Flores congruence and proportionality test ⓘ
partOf	Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
purpose	to authorize Congress to enforce the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ
relatedTo	Fifteenth Amendment Enforcement Clause ⓘ Thirteenth Amendment ⓘ surface form: Thirteenth Amendment Enforcement Clause
requires	appropriate legislation standard ⓘ
scope	enforcement of all provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ
text	The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. ⓘ
typeOfPower	enforcement power ⓘ
usedToAbrogate	state sovereign immunity in some contexts ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (4)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Enforcement Clause → alsoKnownAs → Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer → relatedConstitutionalProvision → Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

United States v. Ryan → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

Fifteenth Amendment Enforcement Clause → relatedTo → Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment Enforcement Clause

All labels observed (2)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (45)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (4)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited