Equal Protection Clause

E15484

constitutional clause legal doctrine

The Equal Protection Clause is a key constitutional provision that prohibits states from denying any person within their jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, forming the basis for many landmark civil rights decisions in the United States.

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All labels observed (10)

Label	Occurrences
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment	43
Equal Protection Clause canonical	40
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution	11
Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause	8
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution	3
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (legal claim)	1
Fourteenth Amendment equal protection	1
U.S. Constitution, Fourteenth Amendment, Equal Protection Clause	1
equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution	1
the Equal Protection Clause protects minority groups from being disadvantaged in the political process	1

Statements (64)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	constitutional clause ⓘ legal doctrine ⓘ
adoptedIn	1868 ⓘ
appliesTo	local governments ⓘ persons within state jurisdiction ⓘ state governments ⓘ states ⓘ
basisFor	Brown v. Board of Education ⓘ Bush v. Gore ⓘ Craig v. Boren ⓘ Frontiero v. Richardson ⓘ Gratz v. Bollinger ⓘ Grutter v. Bollinger ⓘ Korematsu v. United States (dissent) ⓘ surface form: Korematsu v. United States (majority and later criticism) Lawrence v. Texas (in part) ⓘ Loving v. Virginia ⓘ Obergefell v. Hodges ⓘ Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 ⓘ Plyler v. Doe ⓘ Reed v. Reed ⓘ Regents of the University of California v. Bakke ⓘ Roe v. Wade ⓘ surface form: Roe v. Wade (in part) Romer v. Evans ⓘ San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez ⓘ Shaw v. Reno ⓘ Shelley v. Kraemer ⓘ United States v. Virginia (1996) majority opinion ⓘ surface form: United States v. Virginia Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. ⓘ Washington v. Davis ⓘ Windsor v. United States (in part) ⓘ Yick Wo v. Hopkins ⓘ
country	United States of America ⓘ
doesNotDirectlyApplyTo	private conduct without state involvement ⓘ
draftedAsPartOf	Reconstruction Amendments ⓘ
effectiveDate	July 9, 1868 ⓘ
enforcedBy	Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ federal courts of the United States ⓘ
historicalContext	post–American Civil War Reconstruction era ⓘ
influenced	Civil Rights Movement jurisprudence ⓘ
influencedBy	Civil Rights Act of 1866 ⓘ
interpretedBy	judicial review ⓘ
jurisdiction	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
languageType	negative rights provision ⓘ
legalSystem	United States constitutional law ⓘ
locatedInDocument	Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ surface form: Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment
partOf	Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
protects	children of undocumented immigrants (as in Plyler v. Doe) ⓘ non-citizens within state jurisdiction ⓘ racial minorities ⓘ women ⓘ
purpose	to prohibit states from denying any person the equal protection of the laws ⓘ
relatedConcept	affirmative action ⓘ civil rights ⓘ equal protection ⓘ fundamental rights ⓘ incorporation doctrine ⓘ intermediate scrutiny ⓘ racial segregation ⓘ rational basis review ⓘ same-sex marriage ⓘ strict scrutiny ⓘ suspect classification ⓘ
scope	state action requirement ⓘ
text	"nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws" ⓘ

Referenced by (110)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Fourteenth Amendment → containsClause → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

subject surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

subject surface form: Plessy v. Ferguson

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause

Obergefell v. Hodges → legalIssue → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

Brown II → constitutionalProvision → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Bolling v. Sharpe (argued separately, decided same day) → relatedConstitutionalProvision → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

subject surface form: Bolling v. Sharpe

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Due Process Clause → relatedTo → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause

Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County → legalIssue → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County → constitutionalProvisionInvoked → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

Doe v. Bolton → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Equal Justice Under Law (associated with the Supreme Court building inscription) → relatedTo → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

subject surface form: Equal Justice Under Law

Craig v. Boren → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

Briggs v. Elliott → legalIssue → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Enforcement Clause → relatedTo → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Baldwin v. Fish and Game Commission of Montana → legalIssue → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke → subjectMatter → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Browder v. Gayle → constitutionalProvision → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

Reed v. Reed → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Sweatt v. Painter → legalIssue → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Sweatt v. Painter → clauseInvolved → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

Shelley v. Kraemer → constitutionalProvision → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

Loving v. Virginia → legalIssue → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Loving v. Virginia → constitutionalProvision → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education → issue → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause

Baker v. Nelson → legalIssue → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

Bourke v. Beshear → legalIssue → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

DeBoer v. Snyder → constitutionalClaim → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

Bostock v. Clayton County → constitutionalProvisionNotAtIssue → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act → legalBasis → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause

Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin → constitutionalProvision → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 → constitutionalProvision → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Incorporation doctrine → usesClause → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Milliken v. Bradley → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Jackson v. Georgia → appliedAmendment → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause

"One man, one vote" → relatedToPrinciple → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

subject surface form: One man, one vote

this entity surface form: equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

San Antonio Independent School District → legalIssueInCase → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Plyler v. Doe → hasLegalIssue → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Plyler v. Doe → interprets → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

Gebhart v. Belton → constitutionalProvision → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. → legalIssue → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Allan Bakke → basedOn → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (legal claim)

Grutter v. Bollinger → legalIssue → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Romer v. Evans → legalIssue → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Romer v. Evans → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

Katzenbach v. Morgan → constitutionalProvisionInvoked → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

Gratz v. Bollinger → legalIssue → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment → enforces → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections → concerns → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections → hasConstitutionalBasis → Equal Protection Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause