Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
E32809
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 is a 2007 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited the use of race in public school student assignment plans under the Equal Protection Clause.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 canonical | 5 |
| Parents Involved | 1 |
| Parents Involved in Community Schools | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T252697 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 Context triple: [NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, notableCase, Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1]
-
A.
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez is a landmark 1973 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court held that education is not a fundamental right under the Constitution, upholding school funding systems based on local property taxes.
-
B.
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education was an 1899 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld racial segregation in public education by allowing a Georgia county to close a Black high school while maintaining white schools, reinforcing the “separate but equal” doctrine later challenged in Brown v. Board of Education.
-
C.
Wisconsin v. Yoder
Wisconsin v. Yoder is a landmark 1972 U.S. Supreme Court case that held compulsory school attendance laws could not be applied in a way that violated Amish parents’ religious freedom.
-
D.
Chiafalo v. Washington
Chiafalo v. Washington is a 2020 U.S. Supreme Court case that unanimously upheld states’ authority to penalize or replace “faithless electors” who do not vote in line with their state’s popular vote in presidential elections.
-
E.
Bolling v. Sharpe
Bolling v. Sharpe is a 1954 U.S. Supreme Court case that held racial segregation in Washington, D.C. public schools unconstitutional under the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 Target entity description: Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 is a 2007 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited the use of race in public school student assignment plans under the Equal Protection Clause.
-
A.
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez is a landmark 1973 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court held that education is not a fundamental right under the Constitution, upholding school funding systems based on local property taxes.
-
B.
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education was an 1899 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld racial segregation in public education by allowing a Georgia county to close a Black high school while maintaining white schools, reinforcing the “separate but equal” doctrine later challenged in Brown v. Board of Education.
-
C.
Wisconsin v. Yoder
Wisconsin v. Yoder is a landmark 1972 U.S. Supreme Court case that held compulsory school attendance laws could not be applied in a way that violated Amish parents’ religious freedom.
-
D.
Chiafalo v. Washington
Chiafalo v. Washington is a 2020 U.S. Supreme Court case that unanimously upheld states’ authority to penalize or replace “faithless electors” who do not vote in line with their state’s popular vote in presidential elections.
-
E.
Bolling v. Sharpe
Bolling v. Sharpe is a 1954 U.S. Supreme Court case that held racial segregation in Washington, D.C. public schools unconstitutional under the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
equal protection case ⓘ landmark decision ⓘ |
| arguedDate | 2006-12-04 ⓘ |
| citation | 551 U.S. 701 ⓘ |
| concurrenceBy | Anthony M. Kennedy ⓘ |
| consolidatedWith | Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvision |
Equal Protection Clause
ⓘ
surface form:
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
|
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 2007-06-28 ⓘ |
| decisionType | plurality decision ⓘ |
| dissentBy |
John Paul Stevens
ⓘ
Stephen G. Breyer ⓘ |
| effect | restricted use of explicit racial classifications in K–12 student assignments ⓘ |
| fullName | Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 self-link ⓘ |
| holding |
Public school districts may not assign students to schools solely for the purpose of achieving racial integration through explicit racial classifications
ⓘ
The use of race as a tiebreaker in student assignment plans in Seattle and Louisville violated the Equal Protection Clause ⓘ |
| joinedBreyerDissentBy |
David H. Souter
ⓘ
John Paul Stevens ⓘ Ruth Bader Ginsburg ⓘ |
| joinedPluralityBy |
Anthony M. Kennedy
ⓘ
Antonin Scalia ⓘ Clarence Thomas ⓘ Samuel A. Alito Jr. ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| keyPhrase | The way to stop discrimination on the basis of race is to stop discriminating on the basis of race ⓘ |
| legalIssue |
racial classifications in K–12 education
ⓘ
use of race in public school student assignment plans ⓘ |
| locationOfDispute |
Seattle, Washington, United States
ⓘ
surface form:
Seattle, Washington
|
| majorityOpinionBy | John G. Roberts Jr. ⓘ |
| overruledStatus | not overruled ⓘ |
| petitioner |
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Parents Involved in Community Schools
|
| pluralityOpinionBy | John G. Roberts Jr. ⓘ |
| precedentFor | limitations on voluntary race-based school assignment plans ⓘ |
| relatedCase |
Brown v. Board of Education
ⓘ
Gratz v. Bollinger ⓘ Grutter v. Bollinger ⓘ |
| relatedDoctrine |
compelling governmental interest
ⓘ
narrow tailoring ⓘ strict scrutiny ⓘ |
| respondent | Seattle School District No. 1 ⓘ |
| shortName |
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Parents Involved
|
| subjectMatter |
public education
ⓘ
racial integration policies ⓘ |
| term | October Term 2006 ⓘ |
| topic |
affirmative action in K–12 education
ⓘ
school desegregation ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 Description of subject: Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 is a 2007 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited the use of race in public school student assignment plans under the Equal Protection Clause.
Referenced by (7)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund represented plaintiffs
→
notableCase
→
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
ⓘ
subject surface form:
NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund
Equal Protection Clause
→
basisFor
→
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
ⓘ
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
→
fullName
→
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
self-link
ⓘ
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
→
shortName
→
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
Parents Involved
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
→
petitioner
→
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
Parents Involved in Community Schools
Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education
→
relatedCase
→
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
ⓘ
Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education
→
consolidatedWith
→
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
ⓘ