Privileges and Immunities Clause
E2677
The Privileges and Immunities Clause is a constitutional provision that prevents states from discriminating against citizens of other states in fundamental rights such as access to courts, property, and employment.
All labels observed (15)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T17002 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Privileges and Immunities Clause Context triple: [United States Constitution, contains, Privileges and Immunities Clause]
-
A.
Full Faith and Credit Clause
The Full Faith and Credit Clause is a provision of the U.S. Constitution that requires states to recognize and honor the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states.
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B.
Supremacy Clause
The Supremacy Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that establishes federal law and the Constitution as the highest law of the land, overriding conflicting state laws.
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C.
Commerce Clause
The Commerce Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress the power to regulate trade and economic activity among the states and with foreign nations.
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D.
Necessary and Proper Clause
The Necessary and Proper Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress the authority to enact laws needed to execute its enumerated powers, forming the basis for implied federal powers.
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E.
Free Exercise Clause
The Free Exercise Clause is a provision of the U.S. Constitution that protects individuals’ rights to practice their religion without undue government interference.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Privileges and Immunities Clause Target entity description: The Privileges and Immunities Clause is a constitutional provision that prevents states from discriminating against citizens of other states in fundamental rights such as access to courts, property, and employment.
-
A.
Full Faith and Credit Clause
The Full Faith and Credit Clause is a provision of the U.S. Constitution that requires states to recognize and honor the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states.
-
B.
Supremacy Clause
The Supremacy Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that establishes federal law and the Constitution as the highest law of the land, overriding conflicting state laws.
-
C.
Commerce Clause
The Commerce Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress the power to regulate trade and economic activity among the states and with foreign nations.
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D.
Necessary and Proper Clause
The Necessary and Proper Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress the authority to enact laws needed to execute its enumerated powers, forming the basis for implied federal powers.
-
E.
Free Exercise Clause
The Free Exercise Clause is a provision of the U.S. Constitution that protects individuals’ rights to practice their religion without undue government interference.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (41)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
constitutional clause
ⓘ
provision of the United States Constitution ⓘ |
| allows | reasonable, nonprotectionist distinctions between residents and nonresidents ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Privileges and Immunities Clause
ⓘ
surface form:
Comity Clause
|
| appliesTo |
citizens of the several states
ⓘ
state executive action ⓘ state legislation ⓘ |
| citation |
Privileges and Immunities Clause
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. Const. art. IV, § 2, cl. 1
|
| constitutionalFunction |
to help create a national economic union
ⓘ
to secure equal treatment for out-of-state citizens in fundamental matters ⓘ |
| distinctFrom |
Commerce Clause
ⓘ
surface form:
Dormant Commerce Clause
Privileges and Immunities Clause self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
|
| doesNotApplyTo | nonfundamental activities such as recreational hunting ⓘ |
| doesNotProtect |
corporations
ⓘ
non-citizen aliens ⓘ |
| doesNotRequire | identical treatment in all circumstances ⓘ |
| enforcedThrough | federal judicial review ⓘ |
| foundIn |
Article IV
ⓘ
surface form:
Article IV of the United States Constitution
|
| historicalSource |
Articles of Confederation
ⓘ
surface form:
Articles of Confederation comity provisions
|
| interpretedBy | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| keyCase |
Baldwin v. Fish and Game Commission of Montana
ⓘ
Corfield v. Coryell ⓘ Paul v. Virginia ⓘ Saenz v. Roe ⓘ Supreme Court of New Hampshire v. Piper ⓘ Toomer v. Witsell ⓘ United Building & Construction Trades Council v. Mayor and Council of Camden ⓘ |
| limits |
economic protectionism by states
ⓘ
state discrimination against nonresidents ⓘ |
| protects |
access to courts
ⓘ
fundamental rights of out-of-state citizens ⓘ the right to own and transfer property ⓘ the right to pursue a common calling ⓘ the right to pursue employment ⓘ the right to travel between states in connection with fundamental rights ⓘ |
| purpose | to prevent a state from discriminating against citizens of other states ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
interstate comity
ⓘ
national unity ⓘ |
| requires |
close relationship between discriminatory means and state objectives
ⓘ
substantial reason for discrimination against nonresidents ⓘ |
| textBeginsWith | "The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States." ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Privileges and Immunities Clause Description of subject: The Privileges and Immunities Clause is a constitutional provision that prevents states from discriminating against citizens of other states in fundamental rights such as access to courts, property, and employment.
Referenced by (57)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV of the U.S. Constitution
this entity surface form:
Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
this entity surface form:
Privileges or Immunities Clause
this entity surface form:
Privileges or Immunities Clause
this entity surface form:
Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV of the U.S. Constitution
this entity surface form:
Privileges and Immunities Clause jurisprudence