Guarantee Clause
E47594
The Guarantee Clause is a provision of the U.S. Constitution that obligates the federal government to ensure every state maintains a republican form of government and protection against invasion and domestic violence.
Observed surface forms (1)
| Surface form | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Republican Guarantee Clause | 1 |
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
clause of the United States Constitution
ⓘ
constitutional provision ⓘ |
| appliesInSituation |
state government overthrown by anti-republican forces
ⓘ
state requests federal assistance against domestic violence ⓘ |
| appliesTo | each state of the United States ⓘ |
| associatedDoctrine | political question doctrine ⓘ |
| citedIn |
debates over Reconstruction after the American Civil War
ⓘ
debates over admission of new states ⓘ discussions of emergency federal intervention in states ⓘ |
| constitutionalGoal |
maintenance of the Union against internal and external threats
ⓘ
preservation of representative democracy in the states ⓘ |
| dateRatified | 1788 ⓘ |
| distinctFrom |
Full Faith and Credit Clause
ⓘ
Privileges and Immunities Clause ⓘ Supremacy Clause ⓘ |
| doesNotRequire | state application for protection against invasion ⓘ |
| effectiveFrom | 1789 ⓘ |
| foundIn |
Article IV of the United States Constitution
ⓘ
Article IV, Section 4 of the United States Constitution ⓘ |
| governsRelationshipBetween |
United States government
ⓘ
surface form:
federal government of the United States
state governments of the United States ⓘ |
| guarantees |
protection of each state against domestic violence
ⓘ
protection of each state against invasion ⓘ republican form of government in every state ⓘ |
| hasTextFragment |
The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government
ⓘ
and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence ⓘ and shall protect each of them against Invasion ⓘ |
| historicalContext | drafted at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 ⓘ |
| historicalPurpose |
to ensure stable republican governments in the states
ⓘ
to prevent establishment of monarchy or aristocracy in the states ⓘ |
| interpretedBy | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| languageAuthor | Framers of the United States Constitution ⓘ |
| locatedInDocumentPart | body of the original 1787 Constitution ⓘ |
| notableCase |
Baker v. Carr
ⓘ
Luther v. Borden ⓘ Pacific States Telephone & Telegraph Co. v. Oregon ⓘ |
| obligates |
United States government
ⓘ
surface form:
federal government of the United States
|
| oftenHeldToBe | non-justiciable in federal courts ⓘ |
| primaryEnforcer |
President of the United States
ⓘ
United States Congress ⓘ |
| relatedToConcept |
domestic insurrection
ⓘ
federalism in the United States ⓘ republicanism ⓘ separation of powers between federal and state governments ⓘ state sovereignty ⓘ |
| requires | application of state legislature or governor for protection against domestic violence ⓘ |
Referenced by (6)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Republican Guarantee Clause
subject surface form:
Article IV of the United States Constitution