Montgomery bus boycott
E1616
The Montgomery bus boycott was a pivotal 1955–1956 civil rights protest in Alabama in which African Americans refused to ride city buses to challenge racial segregation, helping launch the modern Civil Rights Movement and Martin Luther King Jr.’s national leadership.
Aliases (2)
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
bus boycott
→
civil rights protest → mass boycott → nonviolent resistance campaign → |
| affected |
Montgomery City Lines bus company revenues
→
|
| commemoratedOn |
Rosa Parks Day in some U.S. states
→
|
| country |
United States
→
|
| duration |
381 days
→
|
| endDate |
1956-12-20
→
|
| goal |
end racial segregation on Montgomery city buses
→
secure equal treatment for Black bus riders → |
| hasCause |
arrest of Rosa Parks
→
racial segregation on Montgomery city buses → |
| hasMediaCoverage |
national television and newspaper reports in the United States
→
|
| historicalPeriod |
Jim Crow era in the American South
→
|
| influenced |
later bus boycotts and sit-ins across the South
→
modern American Civil Rights Movement → |
| leader |
E. D. Nixon
→
Jo Ann Robinson → Martin Luther King Jr. → Ralph Abernathy → |
| legalCase |
Browder v. Gayle
→
|
| location |
Montgomery, Alabama
→
|
| mainParticipant |
African American residents of Montgomery
→
E. D. Nixon → Jo Ann Robinson → Martin Luther King Jr. → Montgomery Improvement Association → Rosa Parks → |
| method |
boycott of city buses
→
carpool system → walking instead of riding buses → |
| movementIdeology |
Christian nonviolence
→
racial equality and desegregation → |
| opposedBy |
City of Montgomery authorities
→
segregationist white citizens in Montgomery → |
| organizedBy |
Montgomery Improvement Association
→
local Black community leaders in Montgomery → |
| partOf |
Civil Rights Movement
→
|
| precededBy |
longstanding complaints about mistreatment of Black bus riders in Montgomery
→
|
| result |
U.S. Supreme Court ruling that bus segregation in Montgomery was unconstitutional
→
desegregation of Montgomery city buses → increased national attention to the Civil Rights Movement → rise of Martin Luther King Jr. as a national civil rights leader → |
| significance |
considered one of the first large-scale demonstrations against segregation in the U.S.
→
|
| significantEvent |
Rosa Parks refusing to give up her bus seat on December 1, 1955
→
|
| startDate |
1955-12-05
→
|
| tactic |
economic pressure on the bus company
→
nonviolent civil disobedience → |
| triggeredBy |
Rosa Parks' arrest on December 1, 1955
→
|