Montgomery bus boycott

E1616

bus boycott civil rights protest mass boycott nonviolent resistance campaign

The Montgomery bus boycott was a pivotal 1955–1956 civil rights protest in Alabama in which African Americans refused to ride city buses to challenge racial segregation, helping launch the modern Civil Rights Movement and Martin Luther King Jr.’s national leadership.

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All labels observed (5)

Label	Occurrences
Montgomery bus boycott canonical	42
Montgomery Bus Boycott	12
Montgomery bus segregation protests	3
Montgomery bus boycott litigation	1
the Montgomery bus boycott	1

Statements (50)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	bus boycott ⓘ civil rights protest ⓘ mass boycott ⓘ nonviolent resistance campaign ⓘ
affected	Montgomery City Lines bus company revenues ⓘ
commemoratedOn	Rosa Parks Day in some U.S. states ⓘ
country	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
duration	381 days ⓘ
endDate	1956-12-20 ⓘ
goal	end racial segregation on Montgomery city buses ⓘ secure equal treatment for Black bus riders ⓘ
hasCause	arrest of Rosa Parks ⓘ racial segregation on Montgomery city buses ⓘ
hasMediaCoverage	national television and newspaper reports in the United States ⓘ
historicalPeriod	Jim Crow laws ⓘ surface form: Jim Crow era in the American South
influenced	later bus boycotts and sit-ins across the South ⓘ American civil rights movement ⓘ surface form: modern American Civil Rights Movement
leader	E. D. Nixon ⓘ Jo Ann Robinson ⓘ Martin Luther King Jr. ⓘ Ralph Abernathy ⓘ
legalCase	Browder v. Gayle ⓘ
location	Montgomery, Alabama ⓘ
mainParticipant	African American residents of Montgomery ⓘ E. D. Nixon ⓘ Jo Ann Robinson ⓘ Martin Luther King Jr. ⓘ Montgomery Improvement Association ⓘ Rosa Parks ⓘ
method	boycott of city buses ⓘ carpool system ⓘ walking instead of riding buses ⓘ
movementIdeology	Christian nonviolence ⓘ racial equality and desegregation ⓘ
opposedBy	City of Montgomery authorities ⓘ segregationist white citizens in Montgomery ⓘ
organizedBy	Montgomery Improvement Association ⓘ local Black community leaders in Montgomery ⓘ
partOf	American civil rights movement ⓘ surface form: Civil Rights Movement
precededBy	longstanding complaints about mistreatment of Black bus riders in Montgomery ⓘ
result	U.S. Supreme Court ruling that bus segregation in Montgomery was unconstitutional ⓘ desegregation of Montgomery city buses ⓘ increased national attention to the Civil Rights Movement ⓘ rise of Martin Luther King Jr. as a national civil rights leader ⓘ
significance	considered one of the first large-scale demonstrations against segregation in the U.S. ⓘ
significantEvent	Rosa Parks refusing to give up her bus seat on December 1, 1955 ⓘ
startDate	1955-12-05 ⓘ
tactic	economic pressure on the bus company ⓘ nonviolent civil disobedience ⓘ
triggeredBy	Rosa Parks' arrest on December 1, 1955 ⓘ

Referenced by (59)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Martin Luther King Jr. → participatedIn → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

American civil rights movement → hasPart → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Southern Christian Leadership Conference → inspiredBy → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

American South (mid-20th century civil rights era) → siteOfEvent → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Montgomery, Alabama → knownFor → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

this entity surface form: Montgomery Bus Boycott

Montgomery, Alabama → hostedEvent → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

this entity surface form: Montgomery Bus Boycott

Freedom Rides → inspiredBy → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Greensboro sit-ins → inspiredBy → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

National Civil Rights Museum → hasExhibitOn → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Browder v. Gayle → relatedTo → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Rosa Parks → knownFor → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Rosa Parks → participantIn → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Ralph Abernathy → participatedIn → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Montgomery Improvement Association → formedDuring → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Montgomery Improvement Association → movement → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Montgomery Improvement Association → keyEvent → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Jo Ann Robinson → participantIn → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Murder of Emmett Till → influenced → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

My Life with Martin Luther King, Jr. → depicts → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Rosa Parks Museum → dedicatedTo → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

this entity surface form: Montgomery Bus Boycott

Rosa Parks Museum → focusesOnEvent → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

this entity surface form: Montgomery Bus Boycott

Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church → associatedWith → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

this entity surface form: Montgomery Bus Boycott

E. D. Nixon → participantIn → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Parks → notableFor → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

subject surface form: Rosa Parks

African-American history → relatedToEvent → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

W. A. Gayle → notableEvent → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Nashville sit-ins → inspiredBy → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Claudette Colvin → participantIn → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

this entity surface form: Montgomery bus segregation protests

Rosa Parks Day → commemorates → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

this entity surface form: Montgomery Bus Boycott

Rosa Parks Day → relatedTo → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

this entity surface form: Montgomery Bus Boycott

Rosa Parks: My Story → mainSubject → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Rosa Parks: My Story → describesEvent → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Quiet Strength → aboutEvent → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

McCauley → knownFor → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

subject surface form: Rosa Parks

And the Walls Came Tumbling Down → about → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Juanita Jones Abernathy → notableWork → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Juanita Jones Abernathy → participatedIn → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It → mainSubject → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Women’s Political Council → keyEvent → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

this entity surface form: Montgomery Bus Boycott

Montgomery County → hasHistoricEvent → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

subject surface form: Montgomery County, Alabama

Raymond Parks → supported → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Aurelia S. Browder → participantIn → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

this entity surface form: Montgomery bus segregation protests

Susie McDonald → isPartOfHistoryOf → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Boycott → basedOn → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

this entity surface form: the Montgomery bus boycott

Boycott → subject → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Boycott → featuresEvent → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

Mary Louise Smith → participantIn → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

this entity surface form: Montgomery bus segregation protests

Dexter Avenue → significantEvent → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

this entity surface form: Montgomery Bus Boycott

Dexter Avenue → associatedWith → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

this entity surface form: Montgomery Bus Boycott

Rosa Parks Bus → event → Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ

this entity surface form: Montgomery Bus Boycott