Freedom Rides
E12151
The Freedom Rides were a series of nonviolent protests in 1961 in which interracial groups rode interstate buses into the segregated U.S. South to challenge and draw attention to the failure to enforce desegregation laws.
Observed surface forms (3)
| Surface form | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Freedom Riders | 6 |
| 1961 Freedom Rides | 2 |
| Buses Are a Comin’: Memoir of a Freedom Rider | 1 |
Statements (68)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
civil rights protest campaign
ⓘ
interracial protest movement ⓘ nonviolent direct action ⓘ |
| appliesToJurisdiction |
interstate bus terminals
ⓘ
interstate bus travel ⓘ |
| basedOnLegalDecision |
Boynton v. Virginia
ⓘ
Morgan v. Virginia ⓘ |
| commemoratedBy | Freedom Riders National Monument ⓘ |
| coOrganizedBy |
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
ⓘ
surface form:
SNCC
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| documentedIn | newspaper coverage across the United States ⓘ |
| facedOppositionFrom |
Ku Klux Klan
ⓘ
surface form:
Ku Klux Klan members
local law enforcement in the U.S. South ⓘ segregationists ⓘ |
| hasCharacteristic |
interracial participation
ⓘ
nonviolent discipline ⓘ student leadership ⓘ |
| hasConsequence |
Interstate Commerce Commission enforcement order against segregation
ⓘ
federal intervention by the Kennedy administration ⓘ increased national media attention to civil rights ⓘ |
| hasEndTime | 1961 ⓘ |
| hasGenre | civil rights campaign ⓘ |
| hasLocation |
Alabama
ⓘ
Georgia ⓘ Louisiana ⓘ Mississippi ⓘ North Carolina ⓘ South Carolina ⓘ Southern United States ⓘ
surface form:
United States South
Virginia ⓘ Washington, D.C. ⓘ |
| hasPurpose |
challenge segregation in interstate bus travel
ⓘ
draw national attention to segregation in the U.S. South ⓘ test enforcement of Supreme Court desegregation rulings ⓘ |
| hasStartTime | 1961-05-04 ⓘ |
| inspiredBy |
Gandhian nonviolence
ⓘ
Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ sit-in movement ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| notableEvent |
bus burning in Anniston, Alabama
ⓘ
mass arrests in Jackson, Mississippi ⓘ mob attack in Birmingham, Alabama ⓘ |
| numberOfParticipants | hundreds of riders ⓘ |
| opposedBy | many Southern state officials ⓘ |
| opposedPolicy |
segregated bus station facilities
ⓘ
segregated seating on interstate buses ⓘ |
| organizedBy |
CORE
ⓘ
Congress of Racial Equality ⓘ |
| participant |
Bernard Lafayette
ⓘ
Catherine Burks-Brooks ⓘ Charles Person ⓘ Diane Nash ⓘ James Farmer ⓘ James Peck ⓘ Jim Zwerg ⓘ Joan Trumpauer ⓘ John Lewis ⓘ John Seigenthaler ⓘ Stokely Carmichael ⓘ Walter Bergman ⓘ |
| partOf | American civil rights movement ⓘ |
| resultedIn | stricter federal rules banning segregation in interstate transportation ⓘ |
| supportedBy | national civil rights organizations ⓘ |
| timePeriod | 1960s ⓘ |
| usesMethod |
civil disobedience
ⓘ
freedom riding ⓘ nonviolent resistance ⓘ |
Referenced by (33)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Freedom Riders
this entity surface form:
Freedom Riders
this entity surface form:
1961 Freedom Rides
Interstate Commerce Commission enforcement order against segregation
→
motivatedBy
→
Freedom Rides
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
Freedom Riders
subject surface form:
Congress of Racial Equality
this entity surface form:
Buses Are a Comin’: Memoir of a Freedom Rider
this entity surface form:
Freedom Riders
this entity surface form:
Freedom Riders
this entity surface form:
1961 Freedom Rides
this entity surface form:
Freedom Riders