Freedom Rides

E12151

civil rights protest campaign interracial protest movement nonviolent direct action

The Freedom Rides were a series of nonviolent protests in 1961 in which interracial groups rode interstate buses into the segregated U.S. South to challenge and draw attention to the failure to enforce desegregation laws.

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All labels observed (6)

Label	Occurrences
Freedom Rides canonical	36
Freedom Riders	10
1961 Freedom Rides	3
Buses Are a Comin’: Memoir of a Freedom Rider	1
Freedom Riders movement	1
Journey of Reconciliation	1

Statements (68)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	civil rights protest campaign ⓘ interracial protest movement ⓘ nonviolent direct action ⓘ
appliesToJurisdiction	interstate bus terminals ⓘ interstate bus travel ⓘ
basedOnLegalDecision	Boynton v. Virginia ⓘ Morgan v. Virginia ⓘ
commemoratedBy	Freedom Riders National Monument ⓘ
coOrganizedBy	Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee ⓘ surface form: SNCC Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee ⓘ
country	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
documentedIn	newspaper coverage across the United States ⓘ
facedOppositionFrom	Ku Klux Klan ⓘ surface form: Ku Klux Klan members local law enforcement in the U.S. South ⓘ segregationists ⓘ
hasCharacteristic	interracial participation ⓘ nonviolent discipline ⓘ student leadership ⓘ
hasConsequence	Interstate Commerce Commission enforcement order against segregation ⓘ federal intervention by the Kennedy administration ⓘ increased national media attention to civil rights ⓘ
hasEndTime	1961 ⓘ
hasGenre	civil rights campaign ⓘ
hasLocation	Alabama ⓘ Georgia ⓘ Louisiana ⓘ Mississippi ⓘ North Carolina ⓘ South Carolina ⓘ Southern United States ⓘ surface form: United States South Virginia ⓘ Washington, D.C. ⓘ
hasPurpose	challenge segregation in interstate bus travel ⓘ draw national attention to segregation in the U.S. South ⓘ test enforcement of Supreme Court desegregation rulings ⓘ
hasStartTime	1961-05-04 ⓘ
inspiredBy	Gandhian nonviolence ⓘ Montgomery bus boycott ⓘ sit-in movement ⓘ
language	English ⓘ
notableEvent	bus burning in Anniston, Alabama ⓘ mass arrests in Jackson, Mississippi ⓘ mob attack in Birmingham, Alabama ⓘ
numberOfParticipants	hundreds of riders ⓘ
opposedBy	many Southern state officials ⓘ
opposedPolicy	segregated bus station facilities ⓘ segregated seating on interstate buses ⓘ
organizedBy	CORE ⓘ Congress of Racial Equality ⓘ
participant	Bernard Lafayette ⓘ Catherine Burks-Brooks ⓘ Charles Person ⓘ Diane Nash ⓘ James Farmer ⓘ James Peck ⓘ Jim Zwerg ⓘ Joan Trumpauer ⓘ John Lewis ⓘ John Seigenthaler ⓘ Stokely Carmichael ⓘ Walter Bergman ⓘ
partOf	American civil rights movement ⓘ
resultedIn	stricter federal rules banning segregation in interstate transportation ⓘ
supportedBy	national civil rights organizations ⓘ
timePeriod	1960s ⓘ
usesMethod	civil disobedience ⓘ freedom riding ⓘ nonviolent resistance ⓘ

Referenced by (52)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

American civil rights movement → hasPart → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Ku Klux Klan → targetedGroup → Freedom Rides ⓘ

this entity surface form: Freedom Riders

American South (mid-20th century civil rights era) → siteOfEvent → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee → notableFor → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee → participatedIn → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Congress of Racial Equality → notableCampaign → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Congress of Racial Equality → keyEvent → Freedom Rides ⓘ

this entity surface form: 1961 Freedom Rides

Congress of Racial Equality → organized → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Jackson, Mississippi → notableEvent → Freedom Rides ⓘ

National Civil Rights Museum → hasExhibitOn → Freedom Rides ⓘ

John Lewis → participantIn → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Diane Nash → participantIn → Freedom Rides ⓘ

James Farmer → organized → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Fred Shuttlesworth → participatedIn → Freedom Rides ⓘ

James Bevel → participantIn → Freedom Rides ⓘ

CORE → notableCampaign → Freedom Rides ⓘ

subject surface form: Congress of Racial Equality

CORE → keyRoleIn → Freedom Rides ⓘ

subject surface form: Congress of Racial Equality

Bernard Lafayette → notableFor → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Bernard Lafayette → participatedIn → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Mississippi Civil Rights Museum → commemorates → Freedom Rides ⓘ

this entity surface form: Freedom Riders

Charles Person → participatedIn → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Charles Person → notableWork → Freedom Rides ⓘ

this entity surface form: Buses Are a Comin’: Memoir of a Freedom Rider

Jim Zwerg → participatedIn → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Boynton v. Virginia → relatedEvent → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Interstate Commerce Commission enforcement order against segregation → motivatedBy → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Interstate Commerce Commission enforcement order against segregation → relatedTo → Freedom Rides ⓘ

this entity surface form: Freedom Riders

Freedom Riders National Monument → significantEvent → Freedom Rides ⓘ

this entity surface form: 1961 Freedom Rides

Freedom Riders National Monument → namedAfter → Freedom Rides ⓘ

this entity surface form: Freedom Riders

Freedom Riders National Monument → associatedWith → Freedom Rides ⓘ

this entity surface form: Freedom Riders

Catherine Burks-Brooks → participatedIn → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Catherine Burks-Brooks → arrestedDuring → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Catherine Burks-Brooks → partOf → Freedom Rides ⓘ

this entity surface form: Freedom Riders

Nashville sit-ins → influenced → Freedom Rides ⓘ

autobiography "Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement" → describesEvent → Freedom Rides ⓘ

subject surface form: Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement

graphic novel trilogy "March" → depicts → Freedom Rides ⓘ

subject surface form: March (graphic novel trilogy)

John → participantIn → Freedom Rides ⓘ

subject surface form: John Lewis

Lay Bare the Heart → describes → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Walter Bergman → participatedIn → Freedom Rides ⓘ

this entity surface form: 1961 Freedom Rides

Walter Bergman → partOf → Freedom Rides ⓘ

this entity surface form: Freedom Riders

James Peck → participantIn → Freedom Rides ⓘ

this entity surface form: Journey of Reconciliation

George Houser → participatedIn → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Stanley Nelson Jr. → notableWork → Freedom Rides ⓘ

this entity surface form: Freedom Riders

Executive Secretary of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee → associatedWithEvent → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Bruce Boynton → inspired → Freedom Rides ⓘ

Bruce Boynton was convicted of trespass after refusing to leave a whites-only restaurant in a bus terminal → influenced → Freedom Rides ⓘ

subject surface form: Boynton v. Virginia

this entity surface form: Freedom Riders movement

Greyhound bus station site → partOf → Freedom Rides ⓘ

subject surface form: Greyhound bus station site (Anniston, Alabama)

Greyhound bus station site → associatedWith → Freedom Rides ⓘ

subject surface form: Greyhound bus station site (Anniston, Alabama)

this entity surface form: Freedom Riders

Burks-Brooks → associatedWith → Freedom Rides ⓘ

this entity surface form: Freedom Riders