Mesopotamia

E5874

ancient civilization cultural region historical region

Mesopotamia is an ancient historical region in the eastern Mediterranean, located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, often regarded as the cradle of civilization for its early development of writing, cities, and complex societies.

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Observed surface forms (16)

Surface form	Occurrences
Babylonia	33
Fertile Crescent	10
ancient Mesopotamia	9
Ancient Mesopotamia	4
Upper Mesopotamia	2
Babylon	1
Babylonia in late antiquity	1
Iraq (ancient Near East)	1
Mesopotamia (by later tradition)	1
Mesopotamia (modern Iraq)	1
Mesopotamia from Central Asia	1
Mesopotamian Plain	1
Mesopotamian civilizations	1
Mesopotamian lowlands	1
Mesopotamian plain	1
Northern Mesopotamia	1

Statements (59)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	ancient civilization ⓘ cultural region ⓘ historical region ⓘ
agriculturalTechnique	irrigation canals ⓘ
contains	Akkad ⓘ Assyria ⓘ Babylon ⓘ Babylon ⓘ surface form: Babylonia Nineveh ⓘ Nippur ⓘ Sumer ⓘ Ur ⓘ Uruk ⓘ
developedLegalCode	Code of Hammurabi ⓘ Code of Ur-Nammu ⓘ
developedWritingSystem	cuneiform ⓘ
earliestCivilizations	Akkadian civilization ⓘ Sumer ⓘ surface form: Sumerian civilization
knownAs	cradle of civilization ⓘ
knownFor	astronomy ⓘ city-states ⓘ cuneiform script ⓘ early complex societies ⓘ early development of writing ⓘ early empires ⓘ early literature ⓘ early urbanization ⓘ irrigation agriculture ⓘ law codes ⓘ mathematics ⓘ monumental architecture ⓘ ziggurats ⓘ
laterInfluenced	Greek Antiquity ⓘ surface form: Ancient Greece Ancient Israel ⓘ Achaemenid Empire ⓘ surface form: Persian Empire
locatedBetween	Euphrates ⓘ surface form: Euphrates River Tigris ⓘ surface form: Tigris River
locatedIn	Mesopotamia self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Fertile Crescent Middle East ⓘ surface form: Western Asia
majorDeity	Anu ⓘ Enlil ⓘ Inanna ⓘ Marduk ⓘ
majorRiver	Euphrates ⓘ surface form: Euphrates River Tigris ⓘ surface form: Tigris River
modernTerritoryIncludes	Iran ⓘ Iraq ⓘ Syria ⓘ Turkey ⓘ
partOf	Ancient Near East collection ⓘ surface form: Ancient Near East
politicalStructure	city-state system ⓘ
primaryEconomy	agriculture ⓘ trade ⓘ
producedWork	Epic of Gilgamesh ⓘ
religionType	polytheism ⓘ
scriptType	logophonetic script ⓘ
timePeriodEnd	c. 1st millennium BCE ⓘ
timePeriodStart	c. 4th millennium BCE ⓘ
writingMedium	clay tablets ⓘ

Referenced by (221)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Sippar → locatedIn → Mesopotamia ⓘ

this entity surface form: Babylonia

southern Iraq → locatedIn → Mesopotamia ⓘ

subject surface form: Southern Iraq

Sumer → locatedIn → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Sura → locatedIn → Mesopotamia ⓘ

this entity surface form: Babylonia

Tigris–Euphrates river system → locatedIn → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Etemenanki ziggurat → locatedInRegion → Mesopotamia ⓘ

subject surface form: Etemenanki

Imam Ali Shrine → locatedInRegion → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Iraq → locatedInRegion → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Babylonian chronicles → locatedInTheAdministrativeTerritorialEntity → Mesopotamia ⓘ

subject surface form: Babylonian Chronicles

this entity surface form: ancient Mesopotamia

Asian campaign → location → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Babylonian exile → location → Mesopotamia ⓘ

this entity surface form: Babylon

Battle of Ctesiphon (1915) → location → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Battle of Gaugamela → location → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Battle of Qurna (1914) → location → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Capture of Baghdad (1917) → location → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Indian Expeditionary Force D → location → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Iraq revolt of 1920 → location → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Kitos War → location → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Mediterranean theatre of World War I → location → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Mesopotamian campaign (World War I) → location → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Tannaitic period → location → Mesopotamia ⓘ

this entity surface form: Babylonia

Hellenistic period → mainRegion → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Dicle → majorRiverOf → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Dijla → majorRiverOf → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Nur-ud-Din Pasha → militaryTheater → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Iraqi Jews → notableCenterOfTalmudicStudy → Mesopotamia ⓘ

this entity surface form: Babylonia

Bronze Age → occursIn → Mesopotamia ⓘ

army of Cyrus the Younger → operatedIn → Mesopotamia ⓘ

this entity surface form: Babylonia

Arabs → originRegion → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Yazidism → originRegion → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Assyrian Church of the East → originatedIn → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Epic of Gilgamesh → originatesFrom → Mesopotamia ⓘ

this entity surface form: Ancient Mesopotamia

Iraqi Jews → originatesFrom → Mesopotamia ⓘ

this entity surface form: Babylonia

Iraqi Jews → originatesFrom → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Sūrāyē → originatesFrom → Mesopotamia ⓘ

this entity surface form: ancient Mesopotamia

Ashur → partOf → Mesopotamia ⓘ

this entity surface form: ancient Mesopotamia

Euphrates → partOf → Mesopotamia ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fertile Crescent

Iraqi alluvial plain → partOf → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Karbala → partOf → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Nippur → partOf → Mesopotamia ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fertile Crescent

Sumer → partOf → Mesopotamia ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fertile Crescent

Syria → partOf → Mesopotamia ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fertile Crescent

Tigris → partOf → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Ur → partOf → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Uruk → partOf → Mesopotamia ⓘ

Silk Road routes → passesThrough → Mesopotamia ⓘ

this entity surface form: Fertile Crescent

Saʿīd ibn Yūsuf al-Fayyūmī → placeOfActivity → Mesopotamia ⓘ

this entity surface form: Babylonia

Kitāb al-Amānāt wa-l-Iʿtiqādāt → placeOfComposition → Mesopotamia ⓘ

this entity surface form: Babylonia

Saadia Gaon → placeOfDeath → Mesopotamia ⓘ

this entity surface form: Babylonia