Sumer

E37685

Bronze Age civilization ancient civilization historical region

Sumer was one of the earliest known civilizations in southern Mesopotamia, renowned for developing cuneiform writing, city-states like Ur and Uruk, and foundational advances in law, literature, and architecture.

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All labels observed (9)

Label	Occurrences
Sumer canonical	67
Sumerian civilization	22
Sumerians	8
ancient Sumer	5
Sumerian	4
Sumerian culture	4
Sumerian city-states	2
Lower Mesopotamia	1
kings of Sumer	1

Statements (67)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Bronze Age civilization ⓘ ancient civilization ⓘ historical region ⓘ
archaeologicalSiteIncludes	Eridu archaeological site ⓘ Ur archaeological site ⓘ Uruk archaeological site ⓘ
capitalAtVariousTimes	Lagash ⓘ Ur ⓘ Uruk ⓘ
conqueredBy	Akkad ⓘ surface form: Akkadian Empire
culturalLegacyInfluenced	Akkadians ⓘ surface form: Akkadian civilization Assyria ⓘ surface form: Assyrian civilization Babylonians ⓘ surface form: Babylonian civilization
declinePeriod	late 3rd millennium BCE ⓘ
developed	early legal codes ⓘ early schools (edubba) ⓘ irrigation agriculture ⓘ sexagesimal number system ⓘ temple-centered city-state system ⓘ ziggurats ⓘ
economyBasedOn	agriculture ⓘ animal husbandry ⓘ trade ⓘ
flourishedDuring	3rd millennium BCE ⓘ 4th millennium BCE ⓘ
hasCityState	Eridu archaeological site ⓘ surface form: Eridu Kish ⓘ Lagash ⓘ Larsa ⓘ Nippur ⓘ Umma ⓘ Ur ⓘ Uruk ⓘ
hasFamousRuler	Eannatum ⓘ Gilgamesh ⓘ Gudea ⓘ Lugalzagesi ⓘ Ur-Nammu ⓘ
knownFor	development of cuneiform writing ⓘ early city-states ⓘ early law codes ⓘ early literature ⓘ monumental architecture ⓘ
language	Sumerian language ⓘ
laterIncorporatedInto	Old Babylonian Empire ⓘ Ur III dynasty ⓘ
legalCode	Code of Ur-Nammu ⓘ
locatedIn	Mesopotamia ⓘ southern Mesopotamia ⓘ
locatedInPresentDay	Iraq ⓘ
pantheonIncludes	Anu ⓘ Enki ⓘ Enlil ⓘ Inanna ⓘ Nanna ⓘ Utu ⓘ
partOf	Mesopotamia ⓘ surface form: Fertile Crescent
politicalStructure	independent city-states ⓘ temple-centered governance ⓘ
producedWork	Epic of Gilgamesh ⓘ Instructions of Shuruppak ⓘ Kesh Temple Hymn ⓘ
religion	Sumerian religion ⓘ
usedMaterial	bitumen ⓘ mudbrick ⓘ reed ⓘ
writingSystem	cuneiform ⓘ

Referenced by (114)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Mesopotamia → contains → Sumer ⓘ

Mesopotamia → earliestCivilizations → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Sumerian civilization

Iraq → historicalRegion → Sumer ⓘ

Tigris → historicallyAssociatedWith → Sumer ⓘ

Neo-Babylonian Empire → locatedIn → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Lower Mesopotamia

Bronze Age → associatedWith → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Sumerians

Euphrates → associatedWithAncientCivilization → Sumer ⓘ

Ancient Near East collection → hasLanguageOfInscriptions → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Sumerian

Inanna → region → Sumer ⓘ

Inanna → worshippedBy → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Sumerians

Akkad → adjacentTo → Sumer ⓘ

Akkad → contrastedWith → Sumer ⓘ

Nippur → ancientRegion → Sumer ⓘ

Uruk → locatedIn → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: ancient Sumer

Ur → locatedIn → Sumer ⓘ

Ur → partOf → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Sumerian civilization

Ur → associatedWithCulture → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Sumerian culture

Code of Ur-Nammu → placeOfOrigin → Sumer ⓘ

Anu → worshipRegion → Sumer ⓘ

Department of Near Eastern Antiquities → focusesOn → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Sumerian civilization

Ur of the Chaldeans → locatedIn → Sumer ⓘ

Ur of the Chaldeans → associatedWithCulture → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Sumerian civilization

Mesopotamian deity Tammuz → culture → Sumer ⓘ

subject surface form: Tammuz

this entity surface form: Sumerian culture

Mesopotamian deity Tammuz → worshipRegion → Sumer ⓘ

subject surface form: Tammuz

Tigris–Euphrates river system → supportedCivilization → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Sumerian civilization

Amorites → conflictWith → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Sumerian city-states

Al-Furāt → associatedWith → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Sumerian civilization

Euphrátēs → associatedWithAncientCivilization → Sumer ⓘ

Iraqi alluvial plain → historicalRegionFor → Sumer ⓘ

Iraqi National Museum → heritageFocus → Sumer ⓘ

Akkadians → predecessorCulture → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Sumerians

Standard of Ur → culture → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Sumerian

Sumerian language → primaryCenters → Sumer ⓘ

Nergal → worshipedIn → Sumer ⓘ

Ancient Near East → containsCivilization → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Sumerian civilization

Dumuzi → worshipRegion → Sumer ⓘ

Tammuz → worshipRegion → Sumer ⓘ

Ereshkigal → worshipRegion → Sumer ⓘ

Eanna temple complex → locatedInCountry → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: ancient Sumer

Ekur → locatedIn → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: ancient Sumer

Sumerian literature → originatedIn → Sumer ⓘ

Early Dynastic period → locatedIn → Sumer ⓘ

Early Dynastic period → culture → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Sumerian civilization

Ur III period → locatedIn → Sumer ⓘ

Nuska → worshipRegion → Sumer ⓘ

Sumerian King List → mainSubject → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: kings of Sumer

Sumerian King List → placeOfOrigin → Sumer ⓘ

Niffer → locatedInHistoricalRegion → Sumer ⓘ

Niffer → associatedWithCivilization → Sumer ⓘ

this entity surface form: Sumerian civilization

Akitu → celebratedIn → Sumer ⓘ