Sumer

E37685

Bronze Age civilization ancient civilization historical region

Sumer was one of the earliest known civilizations in southern Mesopotamia, renowned for developing cuneiform writing, city-states like Ur and Uruk, and foundational advances in law, literature, and architecture.

Aliases (7)

Statements (67)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Bronze Age civilization → ancient civilization → historical region →
archaeologicalSiteIncludes	Eridu archaeological site → Ur archaeological site → Uruk archaeological site →
capitalAtVariousTimes	Lagash → Ur → Uruk →
conqueredBy	Akkadian Empire →
culturalLegacyInfluenced	Akkadian civilization → Assyrian civilization → Babylonian civilization →
declinePeriod	late 3rd millennium BCE →
developed	early legal codes → early schools (edubba) → irrigation agriculture → sexagesimal number system → temple-centered city-state system → ziggurats →
economyBasedOn	agriculture → animal husbandry → trade →
flourishedDuring	3rd millennium BCE → 4th millennium BCE →
hasCityState	Eridu → Kish → Lagash → Larsa → Nippur → Umma → Ur → Uruk →
hasFamousRuler	Eannatum → Gilgamesh → Gudea → Lugalzagesi → Ur-Nammu →
knownFor	development of cuneiform writing → early city-states → early law codes → early literature → monumental architecture →
language	Sumerian language →
laterIncorporatedInto	Old Babylonian Empire → Ur III dynasty →
legalCode	Code of Ur-Nammu →
locatedIn	Mesopotamia → southern Mesopotamia →
locatedInPresentDay	Iraq →
pantheonIncludes	Anu → Enki → Enlil → Inanna → Nanna → Utu →
partOf	Fertile Crescent →
politicalStructure	independent city-states → temple-centered governance →
producedWork	Epic of Gilgamesh → Instructions of Shuruppak → Kesh Temple Hymn →
religion	Sumerian religion →
usedMaterial	bitumen → mudbrick → reed →
writingSystem	cuneiform →

Referenced by (30)

Subject (surface form when different)	Predicate
Neo-Babylonian Empire ("Lower Mesopotamia") → Ur → Ur of the Chaldeans → Uruk ("ancient Sumer") →	locatedIn
Al-Furāt ("Sumerian civilization") → Bronze Age ("Sumerians") →	associatedWith
Euphrates → Euphrátēs →	associatedWithAncientCivilization
Ur ("Sumerian culture") → Ur of the Chaldeans ("Sumerian civilization") →	associatedWithCulture
Anu → Tammuz →	worshipRegion
Akkad →	adjacentTo
Nippur →	ancientRegion
Amorites ("Sumerian city-states") →	conflictWith
Mesopotamia →	contains
Akkad →	contrastedWith
Tammuz ("Sumerian culture") →	culture
Mesopotamia ("Sumerian civilization") →	earliestCivilizations
Department of Near Eastern Antiquities ("Sumerian civilization") →	focusesOn
Ancient Near East collection ("Sumerian") →	hasLanguageOfInscriptions
Iraqi National Museum →	heritageFocus
Tigris →	historicallyAssociatedWith
Iraq →	historicalRegion
Iraqi alluvial plain →	historicalRegionFor
Ur ("Sumerian civilization") →	partOf
Code of Ur-Nammu →	placeOfOrigin
Inanna →	region
Tigris–Euphrates river system ("Sumerian civilization") →	supportedCivilization
Inanna ("Sumerians") →	worshippedBy