holding

P2237 predicate

Indicates that one entity is physically grasping, carrying, or keeping another entity in its possession or control.

Observed surface forms (1)

  • keeps ×3

Sample triples (401)

Subject Object
Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form: Colorado Civil Rights Commission violated the Free Exercise Clause by showing hostility toward the baker’s religious beliefs
Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission the Commission’s treatment of the case was inconsistent with the State’s obligation of religious neutrality ⓘ
Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission the decision was based on the particular facts of the case and was narrow in scope ⓘ
Mathews v. Eldridge Due process does not require an evidentiary hearing prior to the termination of Social Security disability benefits. ⓘ
Mathews v. Eldridge The adequacy of administrative procedures for due process purposes is evaluated using a three-factor balancing test. ⓘ
McCulloch v. Maryland Congress has implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause to create a national bank ⓘ
McCulloch v. Maryland federal law is supreme over conflicting state law ⓘ
McCulloch v. Maryland the State of Maryland may not tax instruments of the national government ⓘ
McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green A Title VII plaintiff must first establish a prima facie case of discrimination ⓘ
McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green Established a burden-shifting framework for proving discrimination under Title VII when there is no direct evidence of discrimination ⓘ
McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green If the employer articulates a legitimate reason, the burden shifts back to the plaintiff to show that the employer’s stated reason is a pretext for discrimination ⓘ
McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green Once a prima facie case is established, the burden shifts to the employer to articulate a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for the adverse employment action ⓘ
McGhee v. Sipes judicial enforcement of private racially restrictive covenants constitutes state action ⓘ
McGhee v. Sipes state courts may not enforce racially restrictive covenants without violating the Equal Protection Clause ⓘ
McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents Once admitted to a state-supported graduate school, a student must receive the same treatment as students of other races. ⓘ
McLaurin was required to sit in designated segregated areas in classrooms, the library, and the cafeteria.
surface form: McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
Segregating a Black graduate student within a previously all-white public university violates the Equal Protection Clause ⓘ
McLaurin was required to sit in designated segregated areas in classrooms, the library, and the cafeteria.
surface form: McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
State-imposed segregation within the same educational facilities is unconstitutional ⓘ
McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents The differential treatment of a student in a graduate school of a state university solely because of his race violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. ⓘ
Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson Sexual harassment that creates a hostile or abusive work environment is actionable under Title VII even without economic or tangible job detriment ⓘ
Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ
surface form: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits hostile work environment sexual harassment as a form of sex discrimination
Milliken v. Bradley Federal courts may not impose multi-district, area-wide desegregation plans absent a showing that multiple districts had deliberately engaged in a common, interdistrict constitutional violation ⓘ
Milliken v. Bradley Without proof of interdistrict segregation, remedies must be limited to the district where a constitutional violation is found ⓘ
Miranda v. Arizona If a suspect indicates in any manner that they wish to remain silent, interrogation must cease. ⓘ
Miranda v. Arizona If a suspect requests an attorney, interrogation must cease until an attorney is present. ⓘ
Miranda v. Arizona Prosecution may not use statements stemming from custodial interrogation of a defendant unless procedural safeguards are used to secure the privilege against self-incrimination. ⓘ
Miranda v. Arizona Suspects in custody must be informed of their right to remain silent and their right to an attorney before interrogation. ⓘ
Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan A state-supported nursing school's women-only admissions policy violated the Equal Protection Clause ⓘ
Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan Excluding men from a state-supported professional nursing program constituted unconstitutional sex discrimination ⓘ
Morgan v. Virginia state laws requiring racial segregation on interstate buses are unconstitutional ⓘ
Morgan v. Virginia state segregation laws that burden interstate commerce violate the Commerce Clause ⓘ
Murdock v. Pennsylvania A flat license tax on the distribution of religious literature is unconstitutional as applied to religious colporteurs ⓘ
Murdock v. Pennsylvania Freedom of press, speech, and religion cannot be conditioned on the payment of a license tax ⓘ
Murdock v. Pennsylvania The First Amendment prohibits imposing a license tax on the exercise of religious proselytizing and distribution of religious literature ⓘ
Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association (2018)
surface form: Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association
Congress cannot issue direct orders to state legislatures to maintain prohibitions on sports gambling. ⓘ
Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association (2018)
surface form: Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association
PASPA’s provision prohibiting state authorization of sports gambling is not severable from the rest of the statute. ⓘ
Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association (2018)
surface form: Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association
The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act’s provisions prohibiting state authorization of sports gambling schemes violate the anti-commandeering rule of the Tenth Amendment. ⓘ
NFIB v. Sebelius Anti-Injunction Act does not bar the suit ⓘ
NFIB v. Sebelius Medicaid expansion as enacted is unconstitutionally coercive on the states ⓘ
NFIB v. Sebelius individual mandate exceeds Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause ⓘ
NFIB v. Sebelius individual mandate is a valid exercise of Congress’s taxing power ⓘ
NFIB v. Sebelius remedy for Medicaid expansion is to bar withholding of existing Medicaid funds from nonconsenting states ⓘ
NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. Congress may regulate labor relations when they have a close and substantial relation to interstate commerce ⓘ
NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 is constitutional as applied to the respondent ⓘ
NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form: The National Labor Relations Board may order reinstatement of workers fired for union activity in an enterprise affecting interstate commerce
National League of Cities v. Usery Congress may not, under the Commerce Clause, directly displace the States’ freedom to structure integral operations in areas of traditional governmental functions ⓘ
National League of Cities v. Usery minimum wage and maximum hour provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act could not constitutionally be applied to certain state employees performing traditional governmental functions ⓘ
New York Times Co. v. United States First Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ
surface form: The First Amendment severely limits the government’s power to enjoin publication of news by the press.
New York Times Co. v. United States The government did not meet the heavy burden required to justify a prior restraint on publication. ⓘ
New York v. United States (1992) Congress may not compel states to enact or enforce a federal regulatory program ⓘ
New York v. United States (1992) the federal government cannot commandeer the legislative processes of the states ⓘ