holding

P2237 predicate

Indicates that one entity is physically grasping, carrying, or keeping another entity in its possession or control.

Observed surface forms (1)

  • keeps ×3

Sample triples (401)

Subject Object
Obergefell v. Hodges same-sex couples have a fundamental right to marry under the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment
Obergefell v. Hodges states must license marriages between two people of the same sex
Obergefell v. Hodges states must recognize same-sex marriages lawfully performed out of state
Ollie’s Barbecue case Congress may apply Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to a local restaurant if its operations affect interstate commerce
Ollie’s Barbecue case Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a valid exercise of Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause
surface form: Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a valid exercise of Congress’s Commerce Clause power as applied to Ollie’s Barbecue
Ollie’s Barbecue case racial discrimination in restaurants that purchase substantial food from interstate commerce can be regulated under the Commerce Clause
Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc. Same-sex workplace harassment can constitute discrimination because of sex under Title VII.
Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc. Title VII’s prohibition on sex discrimination applies to same-sex harassment when it is because of sex.
Palko v. Connecticut Only those rights that are of the very essence of a scheme of ordered liberty are incorporated against the states
Palko v. Connecticut The Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment is not applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 Public school districts may not assign students to schools solely for the purpose of achieving racial integration through explicit racial classifications
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 The use of race as a tiebreaker in student assignment plans in Seattle and Louisville violated the Equal Protection Clause
Paul v. Virginia A corporation is not a citizen within the meaning of the Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV of the U.S. Constitution.
Paul v. Virginia Issuing an insurance policy is not commerce within the meaning of the Commerce Clause.
Paul v. Virginia States may regulate and impose conditions on foreign insurance companies doing business within their borders.
Polyphemus flock of sheep via predicate surface "keeps"
Polyphemus goats via predicate surface "keeps"
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins Employment decisions based on gender stereotyping violate Title VII
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins In mixed-motive cases under Title VII, once a plaintiff shows that discrimination was a motivating factor, the burden shifts to the employer to prove it would have made the same decision absent the discriminatory motive
Printz v. United States Congress may not commandeer state or local executive officials to implement federal regulatory programs
Printz v. United States provisions of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act requiring state and local chief law enforcement officers to conduct background checks are unconstitutional
Reed v. Reed A law that prefers men over women as estate administrators violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
Reed v. Reed Classifications based on sex must have a rational relationship to a legitimate state objective under the Equal Protection Clause
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke Allan Bakke must be admitted to the University of California, Davis School of Medicine
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke Race may be considered as one factor among many in university admissions
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke Rigid racial quotas in admissions violate the Equal Protection Clause
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke The specific special admissions program at UC Davis School of Medicine was unconstitutional
Reynolds v. United States Laws banning polygamy do not violate the Free Exercise Clause
Reynolds v. United States Religious duty is not a defense to a criminal indictment
Reynolds v. United States The Free Exercise Clause does not excuse individuals from compliance with otherwise valid criminal laws
Reynolds v. United States The Free Exercise Clause protects religious belief but not all religiously motivated conduct
Robertson v. Methow Valley Citizens Council National Environmental Policy Act
surface form: NEPA does not require federal agencies to adopt any particular mitigation measures identified in an environmental impact statement
Robertson v. Methow Valley Citizens Council National Environmental Policy Act
surface form: NEPA is essentially procedural and does not mandate particular substantive environmental results
Robertson v. Methow Valley Citizens Council NEPA requires federal agencies to prepare a thorough environmental impact statement for major federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment
Romer v. Evans A state cannot single out homosexual and bisexual persons and deny them protection across the board
Romer v. Evans Colorado Amendment 2 violates the Equal Protection Clause
S.S. Wimbledon case Germany was not entitled to refuse passage to the S.S. Wimbledon through the Kiel Canal
S.S. Wimbledon case treaty obligations limited Germany’s freedom to invoke neutrality to close the Kiel Canal
Saenz v. Roe California's durational residency requirement for full welfare benefits violates the Fourteenth Amendment
Saenz v. Roe states may not discriminate against new residents in the distribution of welfare benefits
Saenz v. Roe the right to travel includes the right of newly arrived citizens to be treated the same as longer-term citizens of a state
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez Education is not a fundamental right under the U.S. Constitution
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez Texas system of financing public education based on local property taxes does not violate the Equal Protection Clause
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez Wealth is not a suspect classification under the Equal Protection Clause
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe A school policy permitting student-led, student-initiated prayer at football games is unconstitutional
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe Student-led, student-initiated prayer at public school football games violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States Congress unconstitutionally delegated legislative power to the President
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States National Industrial Recovery Act
surface form: Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act is unconstitutional
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States the challenged activities were not in interstate commerce and had only an indirect effect on interstate commerce
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States the federal government could not regulate the intrastate poultry business at issue under the Commerce Clause