Indo-European language family
E564
The Indo-European language family is a major global language group that includes many of the world’s most widely spoken languages across Europe and large parts of Asia.
Aliases (5)
Statements (84)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
language family
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macro-family → |
| alternativeName |
Indo-European
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Indo-European languages → |
| classificationStatus |
widely accepted by historical linguists
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|
| geographicDistribution |
Americas
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Central Asia → Europe → Oceania → South Asia → West Asia → |
| hasExtinctBranch |
Anatolian languages
→
Tocharian languages → |
| hasMajorBranch |
Albanian language branch
→
Armenian language branch → Balto-Slavic languages → Celtic languages → Germanic languages → Hellenic languages → Indo-Aryan languages → Indo-Iranian languages → Iranian languages → Nuristani languages → Romance languages → |
| hasProtoLanguage |
Proto-Indo-European language
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|
| hasSubfamily |
Albanian language branch
→
Anatolian languages → Armenian language branch → Baltic languages → Balto-Slavic languages → Brythonic languages → Celtic languages → East Germanic languages → Eastern Romance languages → Germanic languages → Goidelic languages → Hellenic languages → Indo-Aryan languages → Indo-European Sprachbunds → Indo-Iranian languages → Iranian languages → Italic languages → North Germanic languages → Nuristani languages → Romance languages → Slavic languages → Tocharian languages → West Germanic languages → Western Romance languages → |
| historicalOrigin |
Pontic-Caspian steppe (hypothesized)
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|
| importance |
one of the world’s largest language families by number of speakers
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|
| includesLanguage |
Albanian language
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Armenian language → Bengali language → Dutch language → English language → French language → German language → Greek language → Hindi language → Irish language → Italian language → Kurdish languages → Marathi language → Pashto language → Persian language → Polish language → Portuguese language → Punjabi language → Russian language → Spanish language → Ukrainian language → Urdu language → Welsh language → |
| reconstructedBy |
comparative method
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|
| spokenBy |
billions of people worldwide
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|
| timeDepth |
late Neolithic to early Bronze Age (hypothesized)
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|
| writingSystemsInclude |
Arabic script
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Armenian script → Cyrillic script → Devanagari script → Georgian script (for some contact languages) → Greek script → Latin script → |
Referenced by (357)
| Subject (surface form when different) | Predicate |
|---|---|
|
Acadian French
("Indo-European languages")
→
African Portuguese ("Indo-European languages") → Afrikaans ("Indo-European languages") → Ahirani ("Indo-European languages") → Albanian language ("Indo-European languages") → Alemannic German ("Indo-European languages") → Andalusian Spanish ("Indo-European languages") → Anglo-Norman ("Indo-European languages") → Armenians ("Indo-European languages") → Arpitan ("Indo-European languages") → Ashkun language ("Indo-European languages") → Assamese ("Indo-European") → Attic Greek ("Indo-European languages") → Austro-Bavarian German ("Indo-European languages") → Baloch people ("Indo-European languages") → Bangalore English ("Indo-European languages") → Bhojpuri ("Indo-European languages") → Bokmål ("Indo-European languages") → Braj Bhasha ("Indo-European languages") → British Isles English ("Indo-European languages") → Bulgarian language ("Indo-European languages") → Caleño Spanish ("Indo-European languages") → Catalan ("Indo-European languages") → Celtiberian ("Indo-European") → Central German languages ("Indo-European languages") → Central Swedish dialects ("Indo-European languages") → Chhattisgarhi ("Indo-European") → Chicago English ("Indo-European languages") → Chocoano Spanish ("Indo-European languages") → Church Slavonic ("Indo-European languages") → Classical Armenian ("Indo-European languages") → Common Albanian ("Indo-European languages") → Common Slavic ("Indo-European") → Costoboci ("Indo-European languages") → Cuneiform Luwian ("Indo-European") → Cypriot Greek ("Indo-European languages") → Czech language ("Indo-European languages") → Derawali ("Indo-European languages") → Dhundhari ("Indo-European languages") → Doric Greek ("Indo-European languages") → Dutch Low Saxon ("Indo-European languages") → Early Modern English ("Indo-European languages") → East Franconian ("Indo-European languages") → Ecclesiastical Latin ("Indo-European languages") → Elfdalian ("Indo-European languages") → English in the Northern Mariana Islands ("Indo-European languages") → English in the Solomon Islands ("Indo-European languages") → Fiji Hindi ("Indo-European languages") → Fingallian ("Indo-European languages") → Finland Swedish ("Indo-European languages") → Finnish Kalo ("Indo-European languages") → Franco-Provençal ("Indo-European languages") → French ("Indo-European languages") → Frisian languages ("Indo-European languages") → Gandhari Prakrit ("Indo-European") → German ("Indo-European languages") → Greeks ("Indo-European languages") → Gutnish ("Indo-European languages") → Harauti ("Indo-European languages") → Hazaragi ("Indo-European languages") → Hellenic languages ("Indo-European languages") → Hieroglyphic Luwian ("Indo-European languages") → Hittite (Nesite) ("Indo-European") → Icelandic ("Indo-European") → Illyrians ("Indo-European languages") → Ionian Greek ("Indo-European languages") → Ionic Greek ("Indo-European languages") → Irminonic languages ("Indo-European") → Italic peoples ("Indo-European languages") → Italo-Celtic group ("Indo-European") → Judeo-Iranian languages ("Indo-European languages") → Judeo-Kermani ("Indo-European languages") → Judeo-Persian ("Indo-European languages") → Judezmo ("Indo-European languages") → Jèrriais ("Indo-European languages") → Kamviri language ("Indo-European") → Kangri ("Indo-European languages") → Katharevousa ("Indo-European languages") → Khari Boli ("Indo-European languages") → Konkani ("Indo-European languages") → Kurmanji ("Indo-European languages") → Lahnda ("Indo-European") → Latino-Faliscan languages ("Indo-European languages") → Limburgish (Dutch variety) ("Indo-European languages") → Lithuanians ("Indo-European languages") → Louisiana French ("Indo-European languages") → Lusitanians ("Indo-European languages") → Lycian ("Indo-European") → Lydian ("Indo-European") → Macedonian ("Indo-European languages") → Maharashtri Prakrit ("Indo-European languages") → Malwai dialect ("Indo-European languages") → Manx ("Indo-European languages") → Marwari ("Indo-European languages") → Medes ("Indo-European languages") → Medieval Latin ("Indo-European languages") → Megleno-Romanian ("Indo-European") → Middle Frisian ("Indo-European") → Middle High German ("Indo-European languages") → Middle Irish ("Indo-European languages") → Middle Low German ("Indo-European languages") → Midwestern American English ("Indo-European languages") → Milyan ("Indo-European") → Modern Greek ("Indo-European languages") → Multani ("Indo-European languages") → Mycenaean Greek ("Indo-European languages") → Nepali ("Indo-European languages") → Nevada English ("Indo-European languages") → New Latin ("Indo-European languages") → Nissart ("Indo-European languages") → Niçard ("Indo-European languages") → Norn ("Indo-European languages") → North American English ("Indo-European languages") → Northumbrian ("Indo-European languages") → Northwest Greek ("Indo-European languages") → Nynorsk ("Indo-European languages") → Odia ("Indo-European languages") → Old Dutch ("Indo-European languages") → Old East Norse ("Indo-European") → Old Frisian ("Indo-European") → Old High German ("Indo-European") → Old Icelandic ("Indo-European") → Old Irish ("Indo-European") → Old Latin ("Indo-European") → Old Norwegian ("Indo-European") → Old Persian ("Indo-European languages") → Old Saxon ("Indo-European languages") → Old Spanish ("Indo-European languages") → On the Will in Nature ("Indo-European languages") → Ossetian language → Paelignian language ("Indo-European languages") → Palaic ("Indo-European") → Pashto language ("Indo-European languages") → Pastuso Spanish ("Indo-European languages") → Pennsylvania German ("Indo-European languages") → Persian ("Indo-European languages") → Persian language ("Indo-European languages") → Persians ("Indo-European languages") → Piedmontese ("Indo-European languages") → Polish language ("Indo-European") → Pontic Greek ("Indo-European languages") → Popular Latin ("Indo-European languages") → Portuguese language ("Indo-European languages") → Potohari ("Indo-European") → Prairie English ("Indo-European languages") → Primitive Irish ("Indo-European languages") → Proto-Albanian ("Indo-European languages") → Proto-Celtic ("Indo-European languages") → Proto-Germanic ("Indo-European") → Proto-Goidelic ("Indo-European") → Proto-Indo-European ("Indo-European") → Proto-Norse ("Indo-European") → Rhenish Franconian ("Indo-European languages") → Riasti ("Indo-European languages") → Roma people ("Indo-European languages") → Russian language ("Indo-European languages") → Russians ("Indo-European languages") → Sabellian ("Indo-European") → Sabellic languages ("Indo-European languages") → Sallands ("Indo-European languages") → Sanskritized Prakrits ("Indo-European languages") → Saraiki ("Indo-European languages") → Saterland Frisian ("Indo-European languages") → Scots ("Indo-European languages") → Seraiki ("Indo-European languages") → Shekhawati ("Indo-European languages") → Shina ("Indo-European languages") → Sicel ("Indo-European") → Sidetic ("Indo-European languages") → Sinhalese people ("Indo-European languages") → Slovak language ("Indo-European languages") → Slovene ("Indo-European languages") → Sorani ("Indo-European languages") → South Guelderish ("Indo-European languages") → South Picene language ("Indo-European languages") → South Picene people ("Indo-European languages") → South Slavs ("Indo-European languages") → Spanish ("Indo-European languages") → Standard Belarusian ("Indo-European languages") → Standard Icelandic ("Indo-European languages") → Talysh ("Indo-European languages") → Thari ("Indo-European languages") → Thracians ("Indo-European languages") → Tocharian languages → Tosk ("Indo-European languages") → Trentino dialect ("Indo-European languages") → Tsakonian ("Indo-European languages") → Twents ("Indo-European languages") → Ukrainian language ("Indo-European languages") → Ulster Irish ("Indo-European languages") → Umbrians ("Indo-European languages") → Upper German ("Indo-European languages") → Urdu ("Indo-European languages") → Varhadi ("Indo-European languages") → Veluws ("Indo-European languages") → Veracruz Spanish ("Indo-European languages") → Verner's law ("Indo-European languages") → Vulgar Latin ("Indo-European languages") → Wakhi ("Indo-European") → Wanetsi ("Indo-European languages") → Welsh ("Indo-European languages") → West Flemish ("Indo-European languages") → Western American English ("Indo-European languages") → Yiddish ("Indo-European languages") → Zazaki ("Indo-European") → Zeelandic ("Indo-European languages") → vlaheşte ("Indo-European languages") → Övdalian ("Indo-European languages") → |
languageFamily |
|
Anglo-Frisian dialects
("Indo-European languages")
→
Aragonese language → Common Slavic → East Slavic languages ("Indo-European languages") → Eastern Iranian languages → Elbe Germanic languages ("Indo-European languages") → English → Gandhari Prakrit ("Indo-European languages") → Gaulish ("Indo-European languages") → Goidelic → Hernican language ("Indo-European languages") → Hindi ("Indo-European languages") → Indo-Aryan languages ("Indo-European languages") → Indo-Iranian languages ("Indo-European languages") → Indo-Iranian peoples ("Indo-European family") → Irminonic languages ("Indo-European languages") → Italic languages → Khowar ("Indo-European languages") → Lahnda ("Indo-European languages") → Latino-Faliscan languages ("Indo-European languages") → Magadhi Prakrit ("Indo-European languages") → Magahi → Malvani → Middle Frisian ("Indo-European languages") → Mirandese language ("Indo-European languages") → North Germanic languages ("Indo-European languages") → Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages → Nuristani languages → Old Icelandic ("Indo-European languages") → Ossetian language ("Indo-European languages") → Potohari ("Indo-European languages") → Proto-Greek → Proto-Italic → Proto-West Germanic ("Indo-European languages") → Slavic languages → South Slavic languages ("Indo-European languages") → Southwestern Iranian languages ("Indo-European languages") → Tregami language ("Indo-European languages") → West Germanic languages ("Indo-European languages") → West Slavic languages ("Indo-European languages") → Zazaki → |
partOf |
|
Anatolian languages
("Indo-European languages")
→
Assamese ("Indo-European languages") → Balto-Slavic languages ("Indo-European languages") → Celtic languages ("Indo-European languages") → Eastern Romance ("Indo-European languages") → Gallo-Romance languages ("Indo-European languages") → Germanic languages ("Indo-European languages") → Hellenic languages ("Indo-European languages") → Ibero-Romance languages ("Indo-European languages") → Iranian languages ("Indo-European languages") → Italic languages ("Indo-European languages") → Low Franconian languages ("Indo-European languages") → Lycian ("Indo-European languages") → Mauritian Creole ("Indo-European languages") → Middle Indo-Aryan ("Indo-European languages") → Norse ("Indo-European languages") → Northwestern Iranian languages ("Indo-European languages") → Old East Norse ("Indo-European languages") → Old Frisian ("Indo-European languages") → Old Latin ("Indo-European languages") → Old Norwegian ("Indo-European languages") → Osco-Umbrian languages ("Indo-European languages") → Prakrit ("Indo-European languages") → Proto-Greek ("Indo-European proto-languages") → Proto-Slavic language ("Indo-European languages") → Sabellian ("Indo-European languages") → Sabellic languages ("Indo-European languages") → Sardinian language ("Indo-European languages") → Slavic languages ("Indo-European languages") → Sorbian languages ("Indo-European languages") → Tocharian languages ("Indo-European languages") → |
subclassOf |
|
Aromanian
("Indo-European languages")
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Balochi ("Indo-European") → Bengali ("Indo-European languages") → Corsican language ("Indo-European languages") → Dalmatian language ("Indo-European languages") → Danish language ("Indo-European languages") → Faroese language ("Indo-European languages") → Gilaki ("Indo-European languages") → Italian language ("Indo-European languages") → Ladin language ("Indo-European languages") → Ligurian language ("Indo-European") → Lombard ("Indo-European languages") → Maithili ("Indo-European languages") → Marathi language ("Indo-European languages") → Norwegian language ("Indo-European languages") → Osco-Umbrian languages → Punjabi language ("Indo-European languages") → Rajasthani ("Indo-European languages") → Romanian language ("Indo-European languages") → Romansh language ("Indo-European languages") → Sanskrit ("Indo-European languages") → Serbian language ("Indo-European languages") → Sindhi ("Indo-European languages") → Swedish language ("Indo-European languages") → Walloon language ("Indo-European languages") → |
family |
|
American English
("Indo-European languages")
→
Chennai English ("Indo-European languages") → Europe ("Indo-European languages") → Gheg ("Indo-European languages") → Haketia ("Indo-European languages") → Ladino (Judeo-Spanish) ("Indo-European languages") → Low German ("Indo-European") → Sassarese ("Indo-European languages") → Silesian language ("Indo-European languages") → South Caucasus ("Indo-European languages") → Southern Africa ("Indo-European languages") → Tregami language ("Indo-European") → Virgin Islands Creole English ("Indo-European languages") → Western civilization ("Indo-European languages") → oci ("Indo-European languages") → |
hasLanguageFamily |
|
Prasun language
("Indo-European languages")
→
Sabine language ("Indo-European languages") → Tocharian languages → |
branchOf |
|
Medieval Greek
("Indo-European languages")
→
Old English ("Indo-European languages") → Scottish Gaelic ("Indo-European") → |
partOfLanguageFamily |
|
Indo-European language family
("Indo-European")
→
Indo-European language family ("Indo-European languages") → |
alternativeName |
|
Anatolian languages
("Indo-European")
→
Celtic languages ("Indo-European") → |
familyColor |
|
Italic languages
("Proto-Indo-European language")
→
Lari ("Indo-European languages") → |
hasAncestor |
|
Albanians
("Indo-European languages")
→
Marathi people ("Indo-European languages") → |
primaryLanguageFamily |
|
Common Slavic
("Indo-European languages")
→
Proto-Germanic ("Indo-European languages") → |
subfamilyOf |
|
Ирон
("Indo-European languages")
→
|
belongsTo |
|
Rioplatense Spanish
("Indo-European languages")
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|
belongsToLanguageFamily |
|
Asia
("Indo-European languages")
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|
containsMajorLanguageFamily |
|
Lemnian language
("Indo-European languages")
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|
distinctFrom |
|
Gorani
("Indo-European languages")
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|
hasPhylum |
|
Indo-Iranian languages
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|
isMajorBranchOf |
|
Uralic languages
("Indo-European languages")
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|
isNotGeneticallyRelatedTo |
|
Palaic
("Indo-European languages")
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|
isRelatedTo |
|
Basque
("Indo-European languages")
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|
isUnrelatedTo |
|
Indo-Aryan languages
("Indo-European languages")
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|
languageBranchOf |
|
Kurgan hypothesis
("Indo-European languages")
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|
languageFamilyConcerned |
|
Grimm's law
("Indo-European languages")
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|
languageFamilyContext |
|
Latins
("Indo-European languages")
→
|
linguisticFamily |
|
Elbe Germanic languages
("Indo-European")
→
|
macroFamily |
|
Germanic languages
("Indo-European languages")
→
|
majorModernBranchOf |
|
Sino-Tibetan languages
("Indo-European languages")
→
|
neighboringFamily |
|
Eskimo–Aleut languages
("Indo-European languages")
→
|
notGeneticallyRelatedTo |
|
Khoe-Kwadi
→
|
notIdenticalTo |
|
Indo-European studies
→
|
studies |
|
Early Modern Irish
("Indo-European languages")
→
|
subdivisionOf |
|
Slavs
("Indo-European languages")
→
|
subfamilyOfLanguageFamily |