Pashto language

E6957

Eastern Iranian language Indo-Iranian language natural language subject of linguistic study

Pashto is an Eastern Iranian language spoken primarily in Afghanistan and Pakistan, serving as one of Afghanistan’s official languages and a key marker of Pashtun ethnic identity.

Aliases (9)

Statements (65)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Eastern Iranian language → Indo-Iranian language → natural language → subject of linguistic study →
branchOf	Eastern Iranian languages →
culturallyAssociatedWith	Pashtun culture → Pashtunwali code of conduct →
hasAlternativeName	Afghani (language) → Pakhto → Pashtu → Pushto →
hasApproximateNumberOfSpeakers	over 40 million →
hasDialect	Central Pashto → Northern Pashto → Southern Pashto → Wanetsi →
hasHistoricalInfluenceFrom	Arabic language → Persian language →
hasLinguisticFeature	SOV basic word order → aspirated consonants → case system → grammatical gender → retroflex consonants → split ergativity → tonal contrasts in some dialects →
hasLoanwordsFrom	Arabic language → Persian language → Urdu language →
hasNativeName	پښتو →
hasPhonologicalInfluenceOn	neighboring regional languages in Afghanistan and Pakistan →
ISO639-1Code	ps →
ISO639-2Code	pus →
ISO639-3Code	pus →
languageFamily	Indo-European languages → Indo-Iranian languages → Iranian languages →
officialLanguageOf	Afghanistan →
primaryLanguageOfEthnicGroup	Pashtun people →
recognizedLanguageIn	Pakistan →
region	Central Asia → South Asia →
regulatesOrStandardizesBy	Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan →
spokenIn	Afghanistan → Balochistan (Pakistan) → Eastern Afghanistan → Federally Administered Tribal Areas (historical region) → Khyber Pakhtunkhwa → Northern Afghanistan → Pakistan → Pashtun diaspora communities → Southern Afghanistan → Western Afghanistan →
subclassOf	Indo-European language → Iranian language →
usedAs	lingua franca in parts of Afghanistan → medium of education in Pashto-speaking regions →
usedIn	Afghan government communication → Pashto literature → Pashto media → Pashto poetry →
usesScriptVariant	Naskh-based script → Nastaʿlīq-based script →
writingSystem	Arabic script → Pashto alphabet → Perso-Arabic script →

Referenced by (109)

Subject (surface form when different)	Predicate
Abdul Rashid Dostum ("Pashto") → Babrak Karmal ("Pashto") → Bannu ("Pashto") → Charsadda ("Pashto") → Hamid Karzai ("Pashto") → Haripur ("Pashto") → Hazara ("Pashto") → Herat ("Pashto") → Jalaluddin Haqqani ("Pashto") → Korangi District ("Pashto") → Kumrat Valley ("Pashto") → Loralai ("Pashto") → Malala Yousafzai ("Pashto") → Naran ("Pashto") → Pishin ("Pashto") → Sima Samar ("Pashto") → Torkham ("Pashto") → Ziauddin Yousafzai ("Pashto") →	languageSpoken
Afghan ("Pashto") → Dera Ismail Khan ("Pashto") → Hazara Division ("Pashto") → Karachi District ("Pashto") → Karachi West District ("Pashto") → Kohat Division ("Pashto") → Mansehra ("Pashto") → Mardan Division ("Pashto") → Sibi ("Pashto") → Zhob ("Pashto") →	languageUsed
Afghan American ("Pashto") → Ahmad Shah Durrani ("Pashto") → Doha Agreement (2020) ("Pashto") → Durrani Empire ("Pashto") → Malakand Division ("Pashto") → Nowshera ("Pashto") → Pashto media ("Pashto") → Pashtuns ("Pashto") → Swat District ("Pashto") →	language
Pakhto ("Northern Pashto") → Pakhto ("Southern Pashto") → Pakhto ("Central Pashto") → Pashto language ("Northern Pashto") → Pashto language ("Southern Pashto") → Pashto language ("Central Pashto") →	hasDialect
Kandahar ("Pashto") → Khyber District ("Pashto") → Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ("Pashto") → Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ("Pashto") → Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ("Pashto") → Mardan ("Pashto") →	majorLanguage
Islamic world ("Pashto") → Kohat ("Pashto") → Swabi ("Pashto") → Swat Valley ("Pashto") → World War I poetry ("Pashto") →	hasLanguage
Pakhto ("Pashto") → Pashto language ("Afghani (language)") → Wanetsi ("Tarin Pashto") → Wanetsi ("Wanetsi Pashto") →	hasAlternativeName
Afghanistan ("Pashto") → Emirate of Afghanistan ("Pashto") → Kabul ("Pashto") →	officialLanguage
Eastern Afghanistan ("Pashto") → Iranian languages →	hasMajorLanguage
Pakhto ("Standard Pashto of Kabul") → Pakhto ("Standard Pashto of Peshawar") →	hasStandardForm
Indo-European language family → Indo-Iranian languages ("Pashto") →	includesLanguage
Peshawar ("Pashto") → Peshawar Division ("Pashto") →	languageMajority
Ashraf Ghani ("Pashto") → Hamid Karzai ("Pashto") →	nativeLanguage
Kamviri language → Tregami language ("Pashto") →	neighboringLanguage
Arabic alphabet → Perso-Arabic script →	usedFor
Pakhto ("Pashto") →	alternativeNameOf
Google Translate ("Pashto") →	availableLanguage
Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ("Pashto") →	commonlyUsedLanguage
Ashkun language →	contactLanguage
Western Afghanistan ("Pashto") →	dominantLanguage
Hazaragi ("Pashto") →	hasInfluenceFrom
Khan →	hasLinguisticOrigin
Eastern Iranian languages ("Pashto") →	hasLivingLanguage
Hazaragi ("Pashto") →	hasLoanwordsFrom
Eastern Iranian languages ("Pashto") →	hasMember
Lahnda ("Pashto") →	hasNeighboringLanguage
Provinces of Pakistan ("Pashto") →	haveDeFactoMajorLanguage
Brahui people →	historicalLanguageContact
Persian language ("Pashto") →	influencedLanguage
pir ("Pashto") →	languageContext
Bannu Division ("Pashto") →	languageMostlySpoken
Afghan National Army ("Pashto") →	languageOfCommand
Kabul River ("Pashto") →	languageOfName
Afghan National Police ("Pashto") →	languageOfOperation
Voice of America ("Pashto") →	languageOfWorkOrName
Tregami language ("Pashto") →	lexicalInfluenceFrom
Federally Administered Tribal Areas ("Pashto") →	mainLanguage
Afghan ("Pashto") →	nationalLanguage
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly ("Pashto") →	nativeNameLanguage
Ashkun language →	neighboringLanguages
The Kite Runner (film) ("Pashto") →	originalLanguage
Southern Afghanistan ("Pashto") →	predominantLanguage
Pakistan ("Pashto") →	recognizedRegionalLanguage
Wanetsi ("Pashto") →	relatedTo
Wanetsi ("Pashto") →	subclassOf
Tregami language ("Pashto") →	threatenedBy
Prasun language ("Pashto") →	usedAlongside
Nastaʿlīq →	usedForLanguage
Eastern Arabic numerals ("Pashto") →	usedInLanguage