Tocharian languages

E3582
branch of Indo-European languages extinct language family

The Tocharian languages were an extinct branch of the Indo-European family once spoken in the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, known from early medieval manuscripts and notable for their archaic linguistic features.

Jump to: Surface forms Statements Referenced by

Observed surface forms (7)

Surface form Occurrences
Tocharian A 3
Tocharian B 3
Arśi-Kuči languages 1

Statements (53)

Predicate Object
instanceOf branch of Indo-European languages ⓘ
extinct language family ⓘ
alternativeName Tocharian languages ⓘ
surface form: Arśi-Kuči languages

Tocharian languages ⓘ
surface form: Tokharian languages
arealContactWith Gandhari Prakrit ⓘ
Middle Iranian languages ⓘ
Southwestern Turkic ⓘ
surface form: Old Turkic
attestedIn Buddhist texts ⓘ
commercial documents ⓘ
manuscripts ⓘ
monastic documents ⓘ
branchOf Indo-European language family ⓘ
discoveredBy Albert von Le Coq ⓘ
Aurel Stein ⓘ
extinctionPeriod by the end of the first millennium CE ⓘ
geographicDistribution Tarim Basin ⓘ
surface form: Karashahr region

Tarim Basin ⓘ
surface form: Kucha region

Tarim Basin ⓘ
surface form: Turfan region
hasPart Tocharian languages self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form: Tocharian A

Tocharian languages self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form: Tocharian B
historicalRegion Xinjiang ⓘ
identifiedAsIndoEuropeanBy Emil Sieg ⓘ
Wilhelm Siegling ⓘ
ISO639-5Code txh ⓘ
languageFamily Indo-European language family ⓘ
lexicalBorrowingFrom Iranian languages ⓘ
Middle Indic languages ⓘ
Sanskrit ⓘ
notableFeature agglutinative case system ⓘ
archaic Indo-European morphology ⓘ
centum Indo-European phonology ⓘ
innovative verbal system ⓘ
lack of grammatical gender in nouns ⓘ
use of clitic pronouns ⓘ
periodOfUse 1st millennium CE ⓘ
religiousContext Buddhism ⓘ
researchField Indo-European studies ⓘ
historical linguistics ⓘ
scriptUsed Brahmi script ⓘ
Brahmi script ⓘ
surface form: Central Asian Brahmi
spokenIn Central Asia ⓘ
Tarim Basin ⓘ
oases of the northern Tarim Basin ⓘ
status extinct ⓘ
subclassOf Indo-European language family ⓘ
surface form: Indo-European languages
textualGenre Buddhist canonical translations ⓘ
administrative records ⓘ
medical texts ⓘ
secular documents ⓘ
timeOfAttestation 6th century CE ⓘ
7th century CE ⓘ
8th century CE ⓘ
writingSystemType abugida ⓘ

Referenced by (15)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Tocharian languages → alternativeName → Tocharian languages ⓘ
this entity surface form: Tokharian languages
Tocharian languages → alternativeName → Tocharian languages ⓘ
this entity surface form: Arśi-Kuči languages
Tarim Basin → ancientLanguages → Tocharian languages ⓘ
this entity surface form: Tocharian
Emil Sieg → fieldOfWork → Tocharian languages ⓘ
Wilhelm Siegling → fieldOfWork → Tocharian languages ⓘ
Indo-Europeans → gaveRiseTo → Tocharian languages ⓘ
this entity surface form: Tocharian peoples
Proto-Indo-European → hasDescendant → Tocharian languages ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Tocharian
Indo-European language family → hasExtinctBranch → Tocharian languages ⓘ
Tocharian languages → hasPart → Tocharian languages self-linksurface differs ⓘ
this entity surface form: Tocharian A
Tocharian languages → hasPart → Tocharian languages self-linksurface differs ⓘ
this entity surface form: Tocharian B
Indo-European language family → hasSubfamily → Tocharian languages ⓘ
Emil Sieg → studied → Tocharian languages ⓘ
this entity surface form: Tocharian A
Emil Sieg → studied → Tocharian languages ⓘ
this entity surface form: Tocharian B
Wilhelm Siegling → studied → Tocharian languages ⓘ
this entity surface form: Tocharian A
Wilhelm Siegling → studied → Tocharian languages ⓘ
this entity surface form: Tocharian B