Proto-Indo-European

E29856
Indo-European language proto-language reconstructed language

Proto-Indo-European is the reconstructed common ancestor of the vast Indo-European language family, from which many ancient and modern languages of Europe and Asia are derived.

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All labels observed (8)

Label Occurrences
Proto-Indo-European canonical 39
Proto-Indo-European language 14
Indo-European proto-language 2

Statements (61)

Predicate Object
instanceOf Indo-European language ⓘ
proto-language ⓘ
reconstructed language ⓘ
alternativeName Common Indo-European ⓘ
PIE ⓘ
approximateDates 3rd millennium BCE ⓘ
4th millennium BCE ⓘ
attested no ⓘ
fieldOfStudy Indo-European studies ⓘ
historical linguistics ⓘ
hasCase ablative ⓘ
accusative ⓘ
dative ⓘ
genitive ⓘ
instrumental ⓘ
locative ⓘ
nominative ⓘ
hasDescendant Ancient Greek ⓘ
English ⓘ
French ⓘ
German ⓘ
Latin ⓘ
Church Slavonic ⓘ
surface form: Old Church Slavonic

Old English ⓘ
Old Irish ⓘ
Persian language ⓘ
surface form: Persian

Proto-Anatolian ⓘ
Proto-Balto-Slavic language ⓘ
surface form: Proto-Balto-Slavic

Proto-Celtic ⓘ
Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Proto-Greek ⓘ
surface form: Proto-Hellenic

Proto-Indo-Iranian language ⓘ
surface form: Proto-Indo-Iranian

Proto-Italic ⓘ
Tocharian languages ⓘ
surface form: Proto-Tocharian

Russian ⓘ
Sanskrit ⓘ
Spanish ⓘ
hasGender feminine ⓘ
masculine ⓘ
neuter ⓘ
hasLexeme kwhter (meaning "four") ⓘ
mhter (meaning "mother") ⓘ
phtr (meaning "father") ⓘ
hasMorphology rich inflectional morphology ⓘ
hasNumber dual ⓘ
plural ⓘ
singular ⓘ
hasPhonologicalFeature ablaut ⓘ
laryngeal consonants ⓘ
hasWordOrder flexible ⓘ
homelandHypothesis Kurgan hypothesis ⓘ
influenced reconstruction of other proto-languages ⓘ
knownFrom linguistic reconstruction ⓘ
languageFamily Indo-European language family ⓘ
surface form: Indo-European
proposedHomeland Pontic–Caspian steppe ⓘ
reconstructedBy comparative method ⓘ
spokenIn Eurasia ⓘ
timePeriod Copper Age ⓘ
late Neolithic ⓘ
typology fusional language ⓘ
writingSystem none ⓘ

Referenced by (60)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Proto-Celtic → subfamilyOf → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Proto-Celtic → developedFrom → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
this entity surface form: Late Proto-Indo-European
Germanic languages → developedFrom → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Indo-European language
Anatolian languages → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Indo-European language
Indo-Europeans → associatedWith → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Indo-European language
Indo-Europeans → associatedWith → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Indo-European religion
Indo-Europeans → relatedConcept → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Indo-Europeans
Goidelic → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Latino-Faliscan languages → ultimatelyDerivesFrom → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Indo-European language
South Picene → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Proto-Italic → developedFrom → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Proto-Italic → influencedBy → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Indo-European morphology
Proto-Germanic → childOf → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Proto-Albanian → subclassOf → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
this entity surface form: Indo-European proto-language
Proto-Albanian → relatedTo → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Southwestern Iranian languages → linguisticAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Indo-European language
Balto-Slavic languages → developedFrom → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Indo-European language
Gaulish → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Lithuanian → ancestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Grimm's law → appliesTo → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Palaic → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Proto-Greek → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Welsh → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Kurgan hypothesis → proposesHomeland → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Ukrainian language → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Common Slavic → developedFrom → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
West Scandinavian languages → developedFrom → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Faliscan → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Julius Pokorny → studied → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Indo-European language
Modern English → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Italo-Dalmatian language → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
subject surface form: Italo-Dalmatian languages
this entity surface form: Proto-Indo-European language
Fascian → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Old Prussian language → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Biellese Piedmontese → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
West Frisian → hasAncestralLanguage → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Proto-Sino-Tibetan → comparedTo → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Scharrel dialect → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Strücklingen dialect → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Proto-Baltic → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Leoneg → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Tregerieg → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
PIE → refersTo → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Proto-Anatolian → subdivisionOf → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Proto-Anatolian → descendsFrom → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Latvian → developedFrom → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Carian language → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Indo-European language
Botani → hasAncestorLanguage → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Indo-European language
Western Iranian languages → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Eastern Iranian → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
Proto-Armenian → subclassOf → Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
this entity surface form: Indo-European proto-language