Grimm's law
E37887
Grimm's law is a fundamental linguistic principle describing the systematic consonant shifts that distinguish the Germanic languages from other Indo-European branches.
Observed surface forms (1)
| Surface form | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| First Germanic Sound Shift | 1 |
Statements (51)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
historical linguistics concept
ⓘ
law of consonant shift ⓘ phonological rule ⓘ sound law ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Grimm's law
ⓘ
surface form:
First Germanic Sound Shift
|
| appliesTo |
Proto-Germanic
ⓘ
Proto-Indo-European ⓘ |
| appliesWithin |
intervocalic position
ⓘ
word-initial position ⓘ |
| coreChangeType |
devoicing
ⓘ
fortition and lenition patterns ⓘ spirantization ⓘ stop consonant shift ⓘ |
| describes | systematic consonant shifts ⓘ |
| distinguishes |
Germanic branch of Indo-European
ⓘ
Germanic languages ⓘ |
| explains |
correspondence Latin cornu – English horn
ⓘ
correspondence Latin decem – English ten ⓘ correspondence Latin pater – English father ⓘ correspondence Latin tres – English three ⓘ |
| field |
Germanic languages
ⓘ
surface form:
Germanic linguistics
Indo-European linguistics ⓘ historical linguistics ⓘ |
| hasExceptionsExplainedBy | Verner's law ⓘ |
| historicalFormulationCentury | 19th century ⓘ |
| influenced | Neogrammarian hypothesis of sound laws ⓘ |
| involves |
Proto-Indo-European voiced aspirated stops
ⓘ
Proto-Indo-European voiced stops ⓘ Proto-Indo-European voiceless stops ⓘ |
| isPartOf | comparative method in linguistics ⓘ |
| languageFamilyContext |
Indo-European language family
ⓘ
surface form:
Indo-European languages
|
| maps |
PIE *b to PGmc *p
ⓘ
PIE *bh to PGmc *b ⓘ PIE *d to PGmc *t ⓘ PIE *dh to PGmc *d ⓘ PIE *g to PGmc *k ⓘ PIE *gh to PGmc *g ⓘ PIE *gʷ to PGmc *kʷ ⓘ PIE *gʷh to PGmc *gʷ ⓘ PIE *k to PGmc *x ⓘ PIE *kʷ to PGmc *xʷ or *hw ⓘ PIE *p to PGmc *f ⓘ PIE *t to PGmc *θ ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Jacob Grimm ⓘ |
| precedes | Verner's law ⓘ |
| resultIn |
Proto-Germanic voiced stops
ⓘ
Proto-Germanic voiceless fricatives ⓘ Proto-Germanic voiceless stops ⓘ |
| timeDepth | Proto-Germanic period ⓘ |
| usedFor |
establishing genetic relationship of Germanic to Indo-European
ⓘ
reconstruction of Proto-Germanic forms ⓘ |
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
First Germanic Sound Shift