Verner's law
E38325
Verner's law is a historical linguistic principle explaining a systematic set of consonant alternations in the Germanic languages that refined and expanded upon Grimm's law.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Verner's law canonical | 10 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T293991 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Verner's law Context triple: [Germanic languages, underwentSoundChange, Verner's law]
-
A.
Grimm's law
Grimm's law is a fundamental linguistic principle describing the systematic consonant shifts that distinguish the Germanic languages from other Indo-European branches.
-
B.
Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law is a historical sound change in early Germanic languages that caused the loss of nasal consonants before fricatives, leaving characteristic vowel changes in Anglo-Frisian and related dialects.
-
C.
Ellicean languages
Ellicean languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian language family spoken primarily in parts of Polynesia, including Tuvalu and surrounding island regions.
-
D.
Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Indo-European is the reconstructed common ancestor of the vast Indo-European language family, from which many ancient and modern languages of Europe and Asia are derived.
-
E.
Irminonic languages
Irminonic languages are a branch of the West Germanic language family that includes High German varieties such as Standard German and Yiddish.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Verner's law Target entity description: Verner's law is a historical linguistic principle explaining a systematic set of consonant alternations in the Germanic languages that refined and expanded upon Grimm's law.
-
A.
Grimm's law
Grimm's law is a fundamental linguistic principle describing the systematic consonant shifts that distinguish the Germanic languages from other Indo-European branches.
-
B.
Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law is a historical sound change in early Germanic languages that caused the loss of nasal consonants before fricatives, leaving characteristic vowel changes in Anglo-Frisian and related dialects.
-
C.
Ellicean languages
Ellicean languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian language family spoken primarily in parts of Polynesia, including Tuvalu and surrounding island regions.
-
D.
Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Indo-European is the reconstructed common ancestor of the vast Indo-European language family, from which many ancient and modern languages of Europe and Asia are derived.
-
E.
Irminonic languages
Irminonic languages are a branch of the West Germanic language family that includes High German varieties such as Standard German and Yiddish.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (43)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
historical linguistic principle
ⓘ
phonological rule ⓘ sound law ⓘ |
| accountsFor |
alternations in noun inflection in Germanic
ⓘ
alternations in strong verb paradigms in Germanic ⓘ alternations such as *f ~ *b, *þ ~ *d, *h ~ *g in Germanic ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
Germanic languages
ⓘ
Proto-Germanic ⓘ |
| basedOn | position of the original Proto-Indo-European accent ⓘ |
| complements | Grimm's law ⓘ |
| concerns |
Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic sound changes
ⓘ
accent-conditioned sound change ⓘ consonant voicing ⓘ |
| discoveredBy | Karl Verner ⓘ |
| exampleOf |
accent-sensitive phonological rule
ⓘ
conditioned sound change ⓘ |
| explains |
alternation of voiceless and voiced fricatives in Germanic
ⓘ
certain exceptions to Grimm's law ⓘ systematic consonant alternations in Germanic languages ⓘ |
| field |
Germanic linguistics
ⓘ
historical linguistics ⓘ |
| firstPublishedIn | Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung ⓘ |
| hasConsequence |
alternation between /s/ and /r/ in some Germanic forms
ⓘ
morphophonemic alternations in Germanic verb classes ⓘ voicing of fricatives in certain environments in Germanic ⓘ |
| hasKeyConcept |
accent position determines voicing outcome
ⓘ
exceptions to regular sound laws can be explained by additional conditioning factors ⓘ |
| influenced |
development of comparative Germanic linguistics
ⓘ
theory of phonological alternations ⓘ |
| isTaughtIn |
courses on Germanic philology
ⓘ
courses on historical linguistics ⓘ |
| languageFamily |
Indo-European language family
ⓘ
surface form:
Indo-European languages
|
| namedAfter | Karl Verner ⓘ |
| publicationYear | 1877 ⓘ |
| refines | Grimm's law ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Grimm's law
ⓘ
Kluge's law ⓘ sound change ⓘ |
| statesThat |
Proto-Indo-European *p *t *k *kʷ after an unaccented syllable became Proto-Germanic *b *d *g *gʷ (voiced stops/fricatives)
ⓘ
Proto-Indo-European voiceless stops became voiced fricatives when not immediately preceded by the word accent ⓘ |
| supports |
Neogrammarian hypothesis of sound laws
ⓘ
surface form:
Neogrammarian hypothesis of exceptionless sound laws
|
| timeDepth | late Proto-Indo-European to early Proto-Germanic period ⓘ |
| typeOfChange | regular sound change ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Verner's law Description of subject: Verner's law is a historical linguistic principle explaining a systematic set of consonant alternations in the Germanic languages that refined and expanded upon Grimm's law.
Referenced by (10)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.