High German consonant shift
E95783
The High German consonant shift was a major sound change in early Germanic dialects that transformed the consonant system and helped distinguish High German (and related varieties like Lombardic) from other West Germanic languages.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| High German consonant shift canonical | 12 |
| Second Germanic consonant shift | 1 |
Statements (54)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
consonant shift
ⓘ
historical linguistic phenomenon ⓘ phonological change ⓘ sound change ⓘ |
| affectsLanguage |
Alemannic German
ⓘ
Bavarian ⓘ East Central German dialects ⓘ Lombardic ⓘ Middle High German ⓘ Standard German ⓘ
surface form:
Modern Standard German
Old High German ⓘ Ripuarian ⓘ Yiddish ⓘ |
| affectsLanguageFamily | West Germanic languages ⓘ |
| affectsPhonemeClass |
Proto-Germanic affricates and fricatives
ⓘ
Proto-Germanic voiced stops ⓘ Proto-Germanic voiceless stops ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
High German consonant shift
ⓘ
surface form:
Second Germanic consonant shift
|
| changesPhoneme |
Proto-Germanic *b
ⓘ
Proto-Germanic *d ⓘ Proto-Germanic *g ⓘ Proto-Germanic *k ⓘ Proto-Germanic *p ⓘ Proto-Germanic *t ⓘ |
| definesSubgroup |
Central German languages
ⓘ
surface form:
Central German
High German ⓘ Upper German ⓘ |
| distinguishesFrom |
Dutch
ⓘ
English ⓘ Frisian (partially) ⓘ
surface form:
Frisian
Low Franconian languages ⓘ
surface form:
Low Franconian
Low German ⓘ |
| geographicalArea |
Alps region
ⓘ
surface form:
Alpine region
Upper Rhine Plain ⓘ
surface form:
Upper Rhine region
southern German-speaking area ⓘ |
| geographicalBoundary |
Benrath line
ⓘ
Speyer line ⓘ |
| hasNoReflexesIn |
Old Dutch
ⓘ
Old English ⓘ Old Saxon ⓘ |
| hasPartialReflexesIn | Central German dialects north of Benrath line ⓘ |
| largelyCompleteBy | 8th century ⓘ |
| preconditionedBy |
position in word
ⓘ
stress pattern ⓘ syllable structure ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Grimm's law
ⓘ
Verner's law ⓘ |
| resultsIn |
affricates [pf] [ts] [kx] in certain positions
ⓘ
fortition of voiced stops to voiceless stops ⓘ fricatives [f] [s] [x] in certain positions ⓘ |
| startsAround | late 3rd century ⓘ |
| studiedInDiscipline |
Germanic philology
ⓘ
historical linguistics ⓘ |
| timePeriod | late 3rd century to 9th century ⓘ |
Referenced by (13)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Second Germanic consonant shift