High German consonant shift
E95783
The High German consonant shift was a major sound change in early Germanic dialects that transformed the consonant system and helped distinguish High German (and related varieties like Lombardic) from other West Germanic languages.
Aliases (1)
Statements (54)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
consonant shift
→
historical linguistic phenomenon → phonological change → sound change → |
| affectsLanguage |
Alemannic German
→
Bavarian → East Central German dialects → Lombardic → Middle High German → Modern Standard German → Old High German → Ripuarian → Yiddish → |
| affectsLanguageFamily |
West Germanic languages
→
|
| affectsPhonemeClass |
Proto-Germanic affricates and fricatives
→
Proto-Germanic voiced stops → Proto-Germanic voiceless stops → |
| alsoKnownAs |
Second Germanic consonant shift
→
|
| changesPhoneme |
Proto-Germanic *b
→
Proto-Germanic *d → Proto-Germanic *g → Proto-Germanic *k → Proto-Germanic *p → Proto-Germanic *t → |
| definesSubgroup |
Central German
→
High German → Upper German → |
| distinguishesFrom |
Dutch
→
English → Frisian → Low Franconian → Low German → |
| geographicalArea |
Alpine region
→
Upper Rhine region → southern German-speaking area → |
| geographicalBoundary |
Benrath line
→
Speyer line → |
| hasNoReflexesIn |
Old Dutch
→
Old English → Old Saxon → |
| hasPartialReflexesIn |
Central German dialects north of Benrath line
→
|
| largelyCompleteBy |
8th century
→
|
| preconditionedBy |
position in word
→
stress pattern → syllable structure → |
| relatedTo |
Grimm's law
→
Verner's law → |
| resultsIn |
affricates [pf] [ts] [kx] in certain positions
→
fortition of voiced stops to voiceless stops → fricatives [f] [s] [x] in certain positions → |
| startsAround |
late 3rd century
→
|
| studiedInDiscipline |
Germanic philology
→
historical linguistics → |
| timePeriod |
late 3rd century to 9th century
→
|
Referenced by (9)
| Subject (surface form when different) | Predicate |
|---|---|
|
Pennsylvania German
→
Rhenish Franconian → |
hasPhonologicalFeature |
|
High German consonant shift
("Second Germanic consonant shift")
→
|
alsoKnownAs |
|
Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
→
|
contrastWith |
|
High German
→
|
distinguishedBy |
|
Lombardic
→
|
hasFeature |
|
Old Saxon
→
|
notAffectedBy |
|
Central German languages
→
|
sharesFeatureWith |
|
East Franconian
→
|
undergoes |