Proto-Germanic

E16289
Indo-European language proto-language reconstructed language

Proto-Germanic is the reconstructed common ancestor of all Germanic languages, including English, German, and the Norse languages.

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All labels observed (11)

Label Occurrences
Proto-Germanic canonical 25
Germanic 1
Old Germanic 1

Statements (55)

Predicate Object
instanceOf Indo-European language ⓘ
proto-language ⓘ
reconstructed language ⓘ
alsoKnownAs Common Germanic ⓘ
ancestorOf Afrikaans ⓘ
Dutch ⓘ
East Germanic languages ⓘ
English ⓘ
Frisian (partially) ⓘ
surface form: Frisian languages

German ⓘ
Gothic language ⓘ
surface form: Gothic

North Germanic languages ⓘ
Old English ⓘ
Old Frisian ⓘ
Old High German ⓘ
Norse ⓘ
surface form: Old Norse

Old Icelandic ⓘ
surface form: Old Norse languages

Old Saxon ⓘ
West Germanic languages ⓘ
Yiddish ⓘ
childOf Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
hasFeature Grimm's law ⓘ
Verner's law ⓘ
ablaut ⓘ
accusative case ⓘ
case system ⓘ
dative case ⓘ
dual number (partially preserved) ⓘ
feminine gender ⓘ
genitive case ⓘ
masculine gender ⓘ
neuter gender ⓘ
nominative case ⓘ
rich consonant system ⓘ
stress on root syllable ⓘ
strong verbs ⓘ
three grammatical genders ⓘ
weak verbs ⓘ
ISOStatus no ISO 639 code (reconstructed language) ⓘ
languageFamily Indo-European language family ⓘ
surface form: Indo-European
reconstructedFrom Germanic languages ⓘ
Gothic texts ⓘ
Old English texts ⓘ
Old Norse texts ⓘ
comparative method ⓘ
region Northern Europe ⓘ
Northern Germany ⓘ
surface form: northern Germany

southern Scandinavia ⓘ
studiedIn Germanic philology ⓘ
historical linguistics ⓘ
subfamilyOf Indo-European language family ⓘ
surface form: Indo-European languages
timePeriod developed into distinct Germanic languages by the first centuries CE ⓘ
spoken in the first millennium BCE ⓘ
writingSystem no direct attestation ⓘ
reconstructed phonological system ⓘ

Referenced by (35)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Norse → developedFrom → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Norse → developedFrom → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Indo-European
Old High German → predecessor → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Old Dutch → follows → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Old Gutnish → ancestor → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Lombardic → hasAncestor → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
North Germanic languages → developedFrom → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Germanic language
Northumbrian → developedFrom → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Proto-West Germanic → subdivisionOf → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Proto-West Germanic → developedFrom → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Proto-Indo-European → hasDescendant → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Grimm's law → appliesTo → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Verner's law → appliesTo → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Proto-Norse → predecessor → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Proto-Norse → derivedFrom → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Germanic phonology
Old Norse phonology → hasAncestorLanguage → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto‑Germanic
Tyr → nameOriginLanguage → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
West Scandinavian languages → developedFrom → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Modern English → hasAncestor → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
West Frisian → hasAncestralLanguage → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Randolph → hasLanguageOfOrigin → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
this entity surface form: Old Germanic
Hrodebert → hasLanguageOrigin → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Scharrel dialect → hasAncestor → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Strücklingen dialect → hasAncestor → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
West Germanic peoples → developedFrom → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Germanic people
Blanca → etymologyOrigin → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Germanic "blankaz"
Kluge's law → appliesTo → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Niklaus → etymologicalOrigin → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
this entity surface form: Germanic
Nordic Bronze Age → languageFamily → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Germanic (hypothesized)
Frisian (Westerkwartiers dialect) → hasLanguageAncestor → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Raginmund → hasLanguageOfOrigin → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
East Scandinavian → developedFrom → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Vilhelm → derivedFrom → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
this entity surface form: Proto-Germanic *helmaz
Heimirich → hasLanguageOfOrigin → Proto-Germanic ⓘ
Weser-Rhine Germanic languages → hasAncestor → Proto-Germanic ⓘ