Northumbrian

E21034

Old English dialect West Germanic language variety historical dialect

Northumbrian is a historical dialect of Old English once spoken in the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria in northern England and southeastern Scotland.

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Observed surface forms (1)

Surface form	Occurrences
Northumbrian Old English	2

Statements (46)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Old English dialect ⓘ West Germanic language variety ⓘ historical dialect ⓘ
associatedWith	Germanic peoples ⓘ surface form: Anglo-Saxons Northumbrian literature ⓘ
closelyRelatedTo	Mercian ⓘ
contrastedWith	Kentish ⓘ Old English ⓘ surface form: West Saxon
developedFrom	Ingvaeonic dialects ⓘ Proto-Germanic ⓘ
developedInto	Middle English northern dialects ⓘ Middle English ⓘ surface form: Northern Middle English Scots ⓘ
extinctIn	late Middle Ages ⓘ
hasFeature	distinct morphology compared to West Saxon ⓘ distinct phonology compared to West Saxon ⓘ early development of features later seen in Scots ⓘ retention of certain Old English vowels ⓘ
hasNotableText	Bede’s works in Northumbrian versions ⓘ Lindisfarne Gospels ⓘ surface form: Northumbrian glosses to the Lindisfarne Gospels Ruthwell Cross inscriptions ⓘ
historicalRegionNowIn	England ⓘ Scotland ⓘ
influenced	Northern English dialects ⓘ Scots orthography ⓘ
languageFamily	Germanic languages ⓘ Indo-European language family ⓘ surface form: Indo-European languages West Germanic languages ⓘ
partOf	Old English ⓘ
region	Northumbria ⓘ
spokenIn	Anglo-Saxon England ⓘ Northumbria ⓘ surface form: Kingdom of Northumbria northern England ⓘ southeastern Scotland ⓘ
status	extinct ⓘ
subdivisionOf	Anglo-Saxon dialects ⓘ
timePeriod	7th century ⓘ 8th century ⓘ 9th century ⓘ early Middle Ages ⓘ
usedBy	Whitby Abbey ⓘ surface form: Northumbrian monastic communities
usedIn	glosses ⓘ inscriptions ⓘ religious texts ⓘ
writingSystem	Latin alphabet ⓘ Runic alphabet ⓘ

Referenced by (3)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Scots → developedFrom → Northumbrian ⓘ

this entity surface form: Northumbrian Old English

Old English → hasDialect → Northumbrian ⓘ

Geordie → influencedBy → Northumbrian ⓘ

this entity surface form: Northumbrian Old English