Proto-Indo-Iranian language

E129732

Indo-European language proto-language reconstructed language

Proto-Indo-Iranian is the reconstructed prehistoric language from which all Indo-Iranian languages, including the Iranian and Indo-Aryan branches, are descended.

Try in SPARQL Jump to: Surface forms Disambiguation Statements Elicitation Referenced by

All labels observed (4)

Label	Occurrences
Proto-Indo-Iranian language canonical	11
Proto-Indo-Iranian	2
Proto-Indo-Aryan	1
Proto-Indo-Iranians	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1023282 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Proto-Indo-Iranian language
Context triple: [Iranian languages, ancestor, Proto-Indo-Iranian language]

A. Indo-Iranian languages
Indo-Iranian languages are a major branch of the Indo-European language family that includes numerous related languages spoken across Iran, Afghanistan, the Indian subcontinent, and surrounding regions.
B. Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Indo-European is the reconstructed common ancestor of the vast Indo-European language family, from which many ancient and modern languages of Europe and Asia are derived.
C. Old Indo-Aryan
Old Indo-Aryan is the early historical stage of the Indo-Aryan languages, exemplified by Vedic and Classical Sanskrit and attested in ancient texts of the Indian subcontinent.
D. Proto-Dravidian
Proto-Dravidian is the reconstructed common ancestral language from which all modern Dravidian languages, including Kannada, Tamil, and Telugu, are believed to have descended.
E. Proto-Slavic language
Proto-Slavic language is the reconstructed common ancestor of all modern Slavic languages, spoken by early Slavic peoples before their linguistic diversification.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Proto-Indo-Iranian language
Target entity description: Proto-Indo-Iranian is the reconstructed prehistoric language from which all Indo-Iranian languages, including the Iranian and Indo-Aryan branches, are descended.

A. Indo-Iranian languages
Indo-Iranian languages are a major branch of the Indo-European language family that includes numerous related languages spoken across Iran, Afghanistan, the Indian subcontinent, and surrounding regions.
B. Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Indo-European is the reconstructed common ancestor of the vast Indo-European language family, from which many ancient and modern languages of Europe and Asia are derived.
C. Old Indo-Aryan
Old Indo-Aryan is the early historical stage of the Indo-Aryan languages, exemplified by Vedic and Classical Sanskrit and attested in ancient texts of the Indian subcontinent.
D. Proto-Dravidian
Proto-Dravidian is the reconstructed common ancestral language from which all modern Dravidian languages, including Kannada, Tamil, and Telugu, are believed to have descended.
E. Proto-Slavic language
Proto-Slavic language is the reconstructed common ancestor of all modern Slavic languages, spoken by early Slavic peoples before their linguistic diversification.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (49)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Indo-European language ⓘ proto-language ⓘ reconstructed language ⓘ
ancestorOf	Avestan language ⓘ surface form: Avestan Indo-Aryan languages ⓘ Iranian languages ⓘ Nuristani languages ⓘ Old Persian ⓘ Sanskrit ⓘ Vedic Sanskrit ⓘ
associatedWithCulture	Andronovo culture ⓘ Sintashta culture ⓘ
attestedInWriting	no ⓘ
descendsFrom	Proto-Indo-European language ⓘ
fieldOfStudy	historical linguistics ⓘ
hasFeature	ablaut system ⓘ aspirated stops ⓘ complex verbal system ⓘ eight cases ⓘ grammatical gender ⓘ palatal sibilants ⓘ pitch accent ⓘ rich inflectional morphology ⓘ satem language ⓘ three numbers ⓘ voiced and voiceless stops ⓘ
hasLexicalSet	Indo-Iranian kinship terms ⓘ Indo-Iranian religious vocabulary ⓘ
hasPhonologicalChangeFromPIE	deaspiration of voiced aspirates in some positions ⓘ merger of palatovelars and velars ⓘ ruki rule ⓘ
parentLanguageOf	Proto-Indo-Aryan language ⓘ Proto-Iranian language ⓘ Proto-Nuristani language ⓘ
partOf	Indo-Iranian languages ⓘ surface form: Indo-Iranian branch
reconstructedFrom	Indo-Aryan languages ⓘ Iranian languages ⓘ Nuristani languages ⓘ comparative method ⓘ
region	Central Asia ⓘ Eurasian Steppe ⓘ
sharesInnovationWith	Indo-Aryan languages ⓘ Iranian languages ⓘ
studiedIn	Indo-Iranian languages ⓘ surface form: Indo-Iranian linguistics
subfamilyOf	Indo-European language family ⓘ surface form: Indo-European languages Indo-Iranian languages ⓘ
timeDepth	early 2nd millennium BCE ⓘ late 3rd millennium BCE ⓘ
writingSystem	none ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (15)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Iranian languages → ancestor → Proto-Indo-Iranian language ⓘ

Southwestern Iranian languages → linguisticAncestor → Proto-Indo-Iranian language ⓘ

Indo-Iranian languages → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-Iranian language ⓘ

Indo-Iranian languages → hasProtoLanguage → Proto-Indo-Iranian language ⓘ

Proto-Indo-European → hasDescendant → Proto-Indo-Iranian language ⓘ

this entity surface form: Proto-Indo-Iranian

Iranian peoples → sharesAncestryWith → Proto-Indo-Iranian language ⓘ

this entity surface form: Proto-Indo-Iranians

Indo-Iranian peoples → hasAncestralLanguage → Proto-Indo-Iranian language ⓘ

Saka → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-Iranian language ⓘ

Old Indo-Aryan → precededBy → Proto-Indo-Iranian language ⓘ

this entity surface form: Proto-Indo-Aryan

Proto-Iranian language → follows → Proto-Indo-Iranian language ⓘ

Proto-Iranian language → developedFrom → Proto-Indo-Iranian language ⓘ

Proto-Balto-Slavic language → sharesFeatureWith → Proto-Indo-Iranian language ⓘ

Botani → hasAncestorLanguage → Proto-Indo-Iranian language ⓘ

Western Iranian languages → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-Iranian language ⓘ

Proto-Eastern Iranian → hasAncestor → Proto-Indo-Iranian language ⓘ