Old Persian

E25383

Indo-European language Indo-Iranian language Iranian language ancient language

Old Persian is an ancient Iranian language used in the Achaemenid Empire, primarily known from royal inscriptions such as those of Darius the Great.

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All labels observed (9)

Label	Occurrences
Old Persian canonical	71
Old Persian language	4
Ancient Persian	1
Middle Persian	1
Old Persian "Roshanak"	1
Old Persian (court language)	1
Old Persian (imperial administration)	1
Old Persian cuneiform	1
Old Persian name "Šuša"	1

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Indo-European language ⓘ Indo-Iranian language ⓘ Iranian language ⓘ ancient language ⓘ
ancestorOf	Persian language ⓘ surface form: New Persian (Modern Persian)
associatedRuler	Artaxerxes I of Persia ⓘ surface form: Artaxerxes I Darius I of Persia ⓘ surface form: Darius I Xerxes I ⓘ
branchOf	Southwestern Iranian languages ⓘ
closelyRelatedTo	Avestan language ⓘ surface form: Avestan Middle Persian language ⓘ surface form: Middle Persian
developedInto	Middle Persian language ⓘ surface form: Middle Persian Parthian (indirectly via Iranian continuum) ⓘ
era	Achaemenid Empire ⓘ surface form: Achaemenid period
extinctInCentury	4th century BCE ⓘ
hasCaseSystem	yes ⓘ
hasGrammaticalGender	yes ⓘ
hasGrammaticalNumber	plural ⓘ singular ⓘ
hasTense	aorist ⓘ perfect ⓘ present ⓘ
ISO639-2Code	peo ⓘ
ISO639-3Code	peo ⓘ
languageFamily	Indo-European language family ⓘ surface form: Indo-European languages Indo-Iranian languages ⓘ Iranian languages ⓘ
mainSource	royal inscriptions ⓘ
notableInscription	Behistun Inscription ⓘ Naqsh-e Rustam inscriptions ⓘ Persepolis inscriptions ⓘ
primaryFunction	royal monumental inscriptions ⓘ
scriptInventedUnder	Darius I of Persia ⓘ surface form: Darius I
scriptType	semi-alphabetic cuneiform script ⓘ
secondaryFunction	administrative and commemorative texts ⓘ
spokenIn	Achaemenid Empire ⓘ
standardFormOf	language of Achaemenid royal chancery ⓘ
status	extinct ⓘ
subclassOf	Southwestern Iranian language ⓘ
timePeriod	4th century BCE ⓘ 5th century BCE ⓘ 6th century BCE ⓘ
usedBy	Achaemenid kings ⓘ royal administration of the Achaemenid Empire ⓘ
writingDirection	left-to-right ⓘ
writingMaterial	rock reliefs ⓘ stone inscriptions ⓘ
writingSystem	Old Persian cuneiform ⓘ

Referenced by (82)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Persian language → developedFrom → Old Persian ⓘ

Cyrus the Great → languageSpoken → Old Persian ⓘ

Achaemenid Empire → officialLanguage → Old Persian ⓘ

Achaemenid Empire → writingSystem → Old Persian ⓘ

this entity surface form: Old Persian cuneiform

Ancient Near East collection → hasLanguageOfInscriptions → Old Persian ⓘ

Aramaic → influenced → Old Persian ⓘ

this entity surface form: Middle Persian

Persians → historicalLanguage → Old Persian ⓘ

Southwestern Iranian languages → hasMajorLanguage → Old Persian ⓘ

this entity surface form: Old Persian language

Indo-Iranian languages → includesClassicalLanguage → Old Persian ⓘ

Iranian peoples → historicalLanguage → Old Persian ⓘ

Pasargadae → languageOfName → Old Persian ⓘ

Roxane → languageOfName → Old Persian ⓘ

King of Anshan → languageOfWorkOrName → Old Persian ⓘ

King of Persia → language → Old Persian ⓘ

subject surface form: Cyrus the Great

Cambyses I → language → Old Persian ⓘ

Bardiya → languageOfName → Old Persian ⓘ

Cassandane → language → Old Persian ⓘ

Cambyses II → language → Old Persian ⓘ

Shahanshah of Persia → languageOfOrigin → Old Persian ⓘ

Parysatis II → languageContext → Old Persian ⓘ

Atossa → nativeLanguage → Old Persian ⓘ

Atossa → languageOfName → Old Persian ⓘ

Gate of All Nations → hasInscriptionLanguage → Old Persian ⓘ

Elamite → usedAlongside → Old Persian ⓘ

Royal Road → languageOfEmpire → Old Persian ⓘ

Darius III → language → Old Persian ⓘ

this entity surface form: Old Persian (court language)

Xerxes I → language → Old Persian ⓘ

Artaxerxes II → language → Old Persian ⓘ

Old Persian cuneiform → writingSystemFor → Old Persian ⓘ

this entity surface form: Old Persian language

Avestan language → closelyRelatedTo → Old Persian ⓘ

Middle Persian language → follows → Old Persian ⓘ

subject surface form: Middle Persian

Middle Persian language → developedFrom → Old Persian ⓘ

subject surface form: Middle Persian

Pars → languageOf → Old Persian ⓘ

Proto-Indo-Iranian language → ancestorOf → Old Persian ⓘ

Old Iranian languages → hasPart → Old Persian ⓘ

Old Iranian languages → hasNotableLanguage → Old Persian ⓘ

Persis → language → Old Persian ⓘ

Proto-Iranian language → ancestorOf → Old Persian ⓘ

this entity surface form: Old Persian language

Parsa → languageOfName → Old Persian ⓘ

Achaemenid kings → languageUsed → Old Persian ⓘ

Naqsh-e Rustam inscriptions → language → Old Persian ⓘ

Persepolis inscriptions → writtenInLanguage → Old Persian ⓘ

Unicode 4.1 → addsScript → Old Persian ⓘ

Unicode 4.1 → addsBlock → Old Persian ⓘ

Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt → languageUsed → Old Persian ⓘ

Ancient Near East → majorLanguages → Old Persian ⓘ

Western Iranian languages → hasHistoricalSubdivision → Old Persian ⓘ

Dārayavauš → language → Old Persian ⓘ

Hystaspes → language → Old Persian ⓘ

Rhodogune → languageOfName → Old Persian ⓘ