Middle Persian language

E125351
Indo-European language Indo-Iranian language Iranian language Western Middle Iranian language

Middle Persian language was the historical Iranian language of the Sasanian Empire and a direct ancestor of modern Persian (Farsi).

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All labels observed (10)

Label Occurrences
Middle Persian 52
Middle Persian language canonical 3
Manichaean Middle Persian 2

Statements (49)

Predicate Object
instanceOf Indo-European language ⓘ
Indo-Iranian language ⓘ
Iranian language ⓘ
Western Middle Iranian language ⓘ
alternativeName Fars ⓘ
surface form: Middle Fars

Pahlavi ⓘ
Middle Persian language ⓘ
surface form: Sasanian Pahlavi
attestedFrom 3rd century BCE ⓘ
attestedUntil 9th century CE ⓘ
developedFrom Old Persian ⓘ
directAncestorOf Farsi ⓘ
Persian language ⓘ
surface form: Modern Persian
era c. 3rd century BCE to 9th century CE ⓘ
followedBy Western Persian ⓘ
surface form: New Persian
follows Old Persian ⓘ
glottocode midd1356 ⓘ
hasFeature extensive use of heterograms (Aramaeograms) ⓘ
historicalLanguageOf Sasanian Empire ⓘ
influenced Persian language ⓘ
surface form: Classical Persian

Persian language ⓘ
surface form: Dari Persian

Tajik language ⓘ
surface form: Tajik Persian
ISO639-2Code pal ⓘ
ISO639-3Code pal ⓘ
languageBranch Indo-Iranian languages ⓘ
languageFamily Indo-European language family ⓘ
surface form: Indo-European languages
officialLanguageOf Sasanian Empire ⓘ
primaryScriptOrigin Aramaic alphabet (historically) ⓘ
surface form: Aramaic script
region Fars ⓘ
Iranian plateau ⓘ
surface form: Iranian Plateau

Pars ⓘ
religionAssociatedWith Manichaeism ⓘ
Zoroastrianism ⓘ
scriptType abjad ⓘ
standardFormOf Southwestern Middle Iranian dialects ⓘ
subBranch Iranian languages ⓘ
Southwestern Iranian languages ⓘ
Western Iranian languages ⓘ
usedFor Manichaean texts ⓘ
Zoroastrian texts ⓘ
administration ⓘ
religious literature ⓘ
royal inscriptions ⓘ
usedIn Parthian Empire ⓘ
surface form: Parthian Empire (late period)

Sasanian Empire ⓘ
writingDirection right-to-left ⓘ
writingSystem Avestan script (for Zoroastrian texts) ⓘ
Book Pahlavi script ⓘ
Inscriptional Pahlavi block ⓘ
surface form: Inscriptional Pahlavi script

Pahlavi script ⓘ
surface form: Psalter Pahlavi script

Referenced by (64)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Iranian languages → hasMajorLanguage → Middle Persian language ⓘ
Persians → historicalLanguage → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Southwestern Iranian languages → hasMajorLanguage → Middle Persian language ⓘ
Old Persian → developedInto → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Old Persian → closelyRelatedTo → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Iranian peoples → historicalLanguage → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Shahanshah of Persia → languageOfOrigin → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Parthian Empire → officialLanguage → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Sasanian Empire → officialLanguage → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Sasanian Empire → commonLanguage → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Sasanian Empire → administrativeLanguage → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Persian literature → hasLanguageStage → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Merv → languageOfHistoricalInhabitants → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Manichaeism → language → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Dari → historicalAncestor → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Classical Persian
Dari → historicalAncestor → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Balkh → languageHistoricallySpoken → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Luri language → developedFrom → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Iranian studies → studiesLanguage → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Parthian language → influenced → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Parthian language → relatedTo → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Middle Persian language → alternativeName → Middle Persian language ⓘ
subject surface form: Middle Persian
this entity surface form: Sasanian Pahlavi
Khwaday-Namag → language → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Khwaday-Namag → originalLanguage → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Shapur I → languageOfInscription → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Persis → language → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Khosrow I → languageUsed → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Middle Iranian languages → hasPart → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Middle Iranian languages → hasPart → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Manichaean Middle Persian
Middle Iranian languages → hasPart → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian of Fars
Ctesiphon → languageUsed → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Naqsh-e Rustam inscriptions → writingSystem → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Naqsh-e Rustam inscriptions → language → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Pahlavi script → usedForLanguage → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Pahlavi script → hasVariant → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Early Pahlavi
Dadu → usedLanguage → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian (for administration)
Manichaean script → usedFor → Middle Persian language ⓘ
Manichaean script → usedFor → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Manichaean Middle Persian
Sassanian Armenia → languageUsed → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Iranian mythology → language → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Western Iranian languages → hasHistoricalSubdivision → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Sijistan → languageHistoricallySpoken → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Sassanian drahm → scriptOnCoin → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Khwarezmian → lexicalBorrowingFrom → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Rey → languageHistoricallySpoken → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Ray → languageHistoricallySpoken → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic → hasLexicalInfluenceFrom → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Persian monarchy → usedLanguage → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
Tabaristan → language → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian
King of Kings → hasLanguageForm → Middle Persian language ⓘ
this entity surface form: Middle Persian: Šāhān Šāh