Old Persian cuneiform
E122581
Old Persian cuneiform is an ancient semi-alphabetic cuneiform script used to write the Old Persian language of the Achaemenid Empire, notably in royal inscriptions such as those of Darius the Great.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Old Persian cuneiform canonical | 10 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1023280 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Old Persian cuneiform Context triple: [Iranian languages, writingSystemUsed, Old Persian cuneiform]
-
A.
Cuneiform Luwian
Cuneiform Luwian is an extinct Indo-European Anatolian language once spoken in ancient Anatolia and written using a modified form of Mesopotamian cuneiform script.
-
B.
Old Persian
Old Persian is an ancient Iranian language used in the Achaemenid Empire, primarily known from royal inscriptions such as those of Darius the Great.
-
C.
Ugaritic alphabet
The Ugaritic alphabet is an ancient cuneiform script used in the city of Ugarit to write the Ugaritic language, notable as one of the earliest known alphabetic writing systems.
-
D.
Hieroglyphic Luwian
Hieroglyphic Luwian is an extinct Anatolian Indo-European language known from inscriptions written in a distinctive hieroglyphic script used in Bronze and Iron Age Anatolia and northern Syria.
-
E.
Egyptian hieroglyphs
Egyptian hieroglyphs are the formal, pictorial writing system of ancient Egypt, used for monumental inscriptions, religious texts, and administrative records over several millennia.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Old Persian cuneiform Target entity description: Old Persian cuneiform is an ancient semi-alphabetic cuneiform script used to write the Old Persian language of the Achaemenid Empire, notably in royal inscriptions such as those of Darius the Great.
-
A.
Cuneiform Luwian
Cuneiform Luwian is an extinct Indo-European Anatolian language once spoken in ancient Anatolia and written using a modified form of Mesopotamian cuneiform script.
-
B.
Old Persian
Old Persian is an ancient Iranian language used in the Achaemenid Empire, primarily known from royal inscriptions such as those of Darius the Great.
-
C.
Ugaritic alphabet
The Ugaritic alphabet is an ancient cuneiform script used in the city of Ugarit to write the Ugaritic language, notable as one of the earliest known alphabetic writing systems.
-
D.
Hieroglyphic Luwian
Hieroglyphic Luwian is an extinct Anatolian Indo-European language known from inscriptions written in a distinctive hieroglyphic script used in Bronze and Iron Age Anatolia and northern Syria.
-
E.
Egyptian hieroglyphs
Egyptian hieroglyphs are the formal, pictorial writing system of ancient Egypt, used for monumental inscriptions, religious texts, and administrative records over several millennia.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (62)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
ancient script
ⓘ
cuneiform script ⓘ semi-alphabetic script ⓘ writing system ⓘ |
| addedToUnicodeVersion | Unicode 4.1 ⓘ |
| coOccurringScripts |
Babylonian cuneiform
ⓘ
Egyptian hieroglyphs ⓘ Elamite cuneiform ⓘ |
| creator | scribes of the Achaemenid royal chancery ⓘ |
| decipheredBy | Georg Friedrich Grotefend ⓘ |
| deciphermentPeriod | early 19th century ⓘ |
| developedUnder |
Darius I of Persia
ⓘ
surface form:
Darius I
|
| directionOfWriting | left-to-right ⓘ |
| distinctFrom |
Mesopotamian cuneiform
ⓘ
surface form:
Akkadian cuneiform
Babylonian cuneiform ⓘ Elamite cuneiform ⓘ |
| geographicRegion |
Anatolia
ⓘ
Central Asia ⓘ Iran ⓘ Mesopotamia ⓘ |
| hasLogogramFor |
"Ahuramazda"
ⓘ
Darius ⓘ
surface form:
"Darius"
Persia ⓘ
surface form:
"Persia"
Xerxes I ⓘ
surface form:
"Xerxes"
"country" ⓘ "earth" ⓘ "god" ⓘ "king" ⓘ "water" ⓘ |
| hasNumeralSystem | additive ⓘ |
| hasPunctuation | word divider ⓘ |
| hasSignTypes |
consonant-vowel signs
ⓘ
logograms ⓘ numerals ⓘ vowel signs ⓘ |
| influencedBy | Mesopotamian cuneiform traditions ⓘ |
| languageBranchWritten | Iranian ⓘ |
| languageFamilyWritten | Indo-Iranian ⓘ |
| notablyUsedIn |
Behistun Inscription
ⓘ
Naqsh-e Rustam inscriptions ⓘ Persepolis inscriptions ⓘ Achaemenid royal inscriptions ⓘ
surface form:
royal inscriptions of Darius the Great
|
| numberOfSigns | about 36 phonetic signs ⓘ |
| numeralsBase | 10 ⓘ |
| primaryCenter |
Persepolis
ⓘ
Susa ⓘ |
| scriptFamily | cuneiform ⓘ |
| scriptType |
abugida-like
ⓘ
semi-syllabary ⓘ |
| status | extinct writing system ⓘ |
| timePeriod | 6th century BCE to 4th century BCE ⓘ |
| unicodeBlock | U+103A0–U+103DF ⓘ |
| usedFor |
building inscriptions
ⓘ
royal proclamations ⓘ trilingual Achaemenid inscriptions ⓘ |
| usedIn | Achaemenid Empire ⓘ |
| wordDividerShape | wedge-shaped vertical or slanted mark ⓘ |
| writingDirection | horizontal lines ⓘ |
| writingMedium |
clay tablets
ⓘ
rock reliefs ⓘ stone inscriptions ⓘ |
| writingSystemFor |
Old Persian
ⓘ
surface form:
Old Persian language
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Old Persian cuneiform Description of subject: Old Persian cuneiform is an ancient semi-alphabetic cuneiform script used to write the Old Persian language of the Achaemenid Empire, notably in royal inscriptions such as those of Darius the Great.
Referenced by (10)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.