Stephen G. Breyer
E27018
Stephen G. Breyer is a retired Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court known for his pragmatic, liberal jurisprudence and emphasis on the consequences of judicial decisions.
All labels observed (5)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Stephen G. Breyer canonical | 104 |
| Stephen Breyer | 16 |
| Justice Stephen G. Breyer | 14 |
| Justice Stephen Breyer | 2 |
| Stephen Gerald Breyer | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T60955 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Stephen G. Breyer Context triple: [Bush v. Gore, dissentingJustice, Stephen G. Breyer]
-
A.
David H. Souter
David H. Souter is a retired Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, known for his moderate to liberal jurisprudence and independence from the conservative expectations of the president who appointed him.
-
B.
Anthony M. Kennedy
Anthony M. Kennedy is a former Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court known for his pivotal swing votes in landmark cases on issues such as same-sex marriage, abortion, and campaign finance.
-
C.
John Paul Stevens
John Paul Stevens was a long-serving associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court known for his independent, often liberal-leaning opinions and influential dissents.
-
D.
Martin D. Ginsburg
Martin D. Ginsburg was a prominent American tax lawyer and law professor, noted both for his influential scholarship in tax law and his supportive partnership with Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg.
-
E.
Byron R. White
Byron R. White was a U.S. Supreme Court Justice known for his generally moderate-to-conservative jurisprudence and influential opinions across criminal procedure, civil rights, and federalism.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Stephen G. Breyer Target entity description: Stephen G. Breyer is a retired Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court known for his pragmatic, liberal jurisprudence and emphasis on the consequences of judicial decisions.
-
A.
David H. Souter
David H. Souter is a retired Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, known for his moderate to liberal jurisprudence and independence from the conservative expectations of the president who appointed him.
-
B.
Anthony M. Kennedy
Anthony M. Kennedy is a former Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court known for his pivotal swing votes in landmark cases on issues such as same-sex marriage, abortion, and campaign finance.
-
C.
John Paul Stevens
John Paul Stevens was a long-serving associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court known for his independent, often liberal-leaning opinions and influential dissents.
-
D.
Martin D. Ginsburg
Martin D. Ginsburg was a prominent American tax lawyer and law professor, noted both for his influential scholarship in tax law and his supportive partnership with Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg.
-
E.
Byron R. White
Byron R. White was a U.S. Supreme Court Justice known for his generally moderate-to-conservative jurisprudence and influential opinions across criminal procedure, civil rights, and federalism.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (63)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
ⓘ
author ⓘ human ⓘ judge ⓘ lawyer ⓘ legal scholar ⓘ |
| academicDegree |
Bachelor of Arts
ⓘ
Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy, Politics and Economics ⓘ Bachelor of Laws ⓘ |
| appointedBy | Bill Clinton ⓘ |
| appointedToCourtOfAppealsBy | Jimmy Carter ⓘ |
| awardReceived | Honorary degrees from multiple universities ⓘ |
| countryOfCitizenship | United States of America ⓘ |
| dateOfBirth | 1938-08-15 ⓘ |
| educatedAt |
Harvard Law School
ⓘ
Magdalen College, Oxford ⓘ Stanford University ⓘ |
| endTimeOfPosition_AssociateJustice | 2022-06-30 ⓘ |
| endTimeOfPosition_JudgeFirstCircuit | 1994-08-03 ⓘ |
| familyName | Breyer ⓘ |
| fieldOfWork |
administrative law
ⓘ
antitrust law ⓘ constitutional law ⓘ |
| givenName | Stephen ⓘ |
| ideology | liberal jurisprudence ⓘ |
| knownFor |
deference to administrative agencies in some contexts
ⓘ
emphasis on practical consequences of judicial decisions ⓘ support for a living Constitution approach ⓘ |
| legalPhilosophy | pragmatism ⓘ |
| memberOf |
Democratic Party
ⓘ
surface form:
Democratic Party (United States)
|
| memberOfCourt |
Supreme Court of the United States
ⓘ
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit ⓘ |
| middleName | Gerald ⓘ |
| nominatedBy | Bill Clinton ⓘ |
| notableCaseParticipation |
Glossip v. Gross
ⓘ
NFIB v. Sebelius ⓘ
surface form:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
Stenberg v. Carhart ⓘ United States v. Booker ⓘ Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt ⓘ |
| notableWork |
Active Liberty: Interpreting Our Democratic Constitution
ⓘ
Making Our Democracy Work: A Judge’s View ⓘ The Authority of the Court and the Peril of Politics ⓘ The Court and the World: American Law and the New Global Realities ⓘ |
| numberOfChildren | 3 ⓘ |
| placeOfBirth |
San Francisco
ⓘ
surface form:
San Francisco, California, United States
|
| positionHeld |
Assistant Special Prosecutor on the Watergate Special Prosecution Force
ⓘ
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ Chief Counsel to the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee ⓘ Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit ⓘ Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit ⓘ Professor at Harvard Law School ⓘ Special Assistant to the Assistant U.S. Attorney General for Antitrust ⓘ Special Counsel to the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee ⓘ |
| religion | Judaism ⓘ |
| replaced |
Harry A. Blackmun
ⓘ
surface form:
Harry Blackmun
|
| replacedBy | Ketanji Brown Jackson ⓘ |
| retirementAnnouncementDate | 2022-01-27 ⓘ |
| sexOrGender | male ⓘ |
| spouse | Joanna Freda Hare Breyer ⓘ |
| startTimeOfPosition_AssociateJustice | 1994-08-03 ⓘ |
| startTimeOfPosition_ChiefJudgeFirstCircuit | 1990-1994 ⓘ |
| startTimeOfPosition_JudgeFirstCircuit | 1980-12-10 ⓘ |
| workLocation |
Washington, D.C.
ⓘ
surface form:
Washington, D.C., United States
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Stephen G. Breyer Description of subject: Stephen G. Breyer is a retired Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court known for his pragmatic, liberal jurisprudence and emphasis on the consequences of judicial decisions.
Referenced by (138)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association
this entity surface form:
Justice Stephen G. Breyer
this entity surface form:
Justice Stephen G. Breyer
this entity surface form:
Justice Stephen Breyer
this entity surface form:
Stephen Breyer
this entity surface form:
Stephen Breyer
this entity surface form:
Justice Stephen G. Breyer
R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes Inc. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
→
majorityJoinedBy
→
Stephen G. Breyer
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
Stephen Breyer
this entity surface form:
Stephen Gerald Breyer
this entity surface form:
Stephen Breyer
this entity surface form:
Stephen Breyer
this entity surface form:
Stephen Breyer
this entity surface form:
Stephen Breyer
this entity surface form:
Stephen Breyer
this entity surface form:
Stephen Breyer
this entity surface form:
Stephen Breyer
subject surface form:
Stephen G. Breyer
this entity surface form:
Stephen Gerald Breyer
this entity surface form:
Justice Stephen G. Breyer
this entity surface form:
Justice Stephen G. Breyer