Faragher v. City of Boca Raton

E165278

Title VII case United States Supreme Court case employment discrimination case sexual harassment case

Faragher v. City of Boca Raton is a 1998 U.S. Supreme Court case that clarified employer liability for workplace sexual harassment under Title VII, particularly when harassment is committed by supervisors.

Try in SPARQL Jump to: Surface forms Disambiguation Statements Elicitation Referenced by

All labels observed (3)

Label	Occurrences
Faragher v. City of Boca Raton canonical	2
Beth Ann Faragher v. City of Boca Raton	1
Faragher–Ellerth affirmative defense	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1440437 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Faragher v. City of Boca Raton
Context triple: [Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, precedentFor, Faragher v. City of Boca Raton]

A. Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah
Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah is a 1993 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down city ordinances targeting Santería animal sacrifice and clarified that laws burdening religious practice must be neutral and generally applicable under the Free Exercise Clause.
B. Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida is a 1996 U.S. Supreme Court case that significantly limited Congress’s power to subject non-consenting states to lawsuits in federal court, reinforcing state sovereign immunity.
C. City of Boerne v. Flores
City of Boerne v. Flores is a 1997 U.S. Supreme Court case that curtailed Congress’s power under the Fourteenth Amendment and held that the Religious Freedom Restoration Act could not be applied to the states.
D. Fulton v. City of Philadelphia
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia is a 2021 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously ruled that Philadelphia violated a Catholic foster care agency’s religious freedom by excluding it from the foster program over its refusal to certify same-sex couples.
E. Gebhart v. Belton
Gebhart v. Belton was a landmark Delaware school segregation case whose rulings in favor of Black students became one of the four consolidated cases decided in Brown v. Board of Education, contributing to the Supreme Court’s rejection of “separate but equal” in public education.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Faragher v. City of Boca Raton
Target entity description: Faragher v. City of Boca Raton is a 1998 U.S. Supreme Court case that clarified employer liability for workplace sexual harassment under Title VII, particularly when harassment is committed by supervisors.

A. Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah
Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah is a 1993 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down city ordinances targeting Santería animal sacrifice and clarified that laws burdening religious practice must be neutral and generally applicable under the Free Exercise Clause.
B. Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida is a 1996 U.S. Supreme Court case that significantly limited Congress’s power to subject non-consenting states to lawsuits in federal court, reinforcing state sovereign immunity.
C. City of Boerne v. Flores
City of Boerne v. Flores is a 1997 U.S. Supreme Court case that curtailed Congress’s power under the Fourteenth Amendment and held that the Religious Freedom Restoration Act could not be applied to the states.
D. Fulton v. City of Philadelphia
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia is a 2021 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously ruled that Philadelphia violated a Catholic foster care agency’s religious freedom by excluding it from the foster program over its refusal to certify same-sex couples.
E. Gebhart v. Belton
Gebhart v. Belton was a landmark Delaware school segregation case whose rulings in favor of Black students became one of the four consolidated cases decided in Brown v. Board of Education, contributing to the Supreme Court’s rejection of “separate but equal” in public education.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Title VII case ⓘ United States Supreme Court case ⓘ employment discrimination case ⓘ sexual harassment case ⓘ
appliesTo	employers covered by Title VII ⓘ supervisor harassment without tangible employment action ⓘ
citation	524 U.S. 775 ⓘ
clarified	application of agency principles to Title VII harassment claims ⓘ standards for employer liability for supervisor harassment ⓘ
country	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
court	Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ
createdDoctrine	Faragher v. City of Boca Raton self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Faragher–Ellerth affirmative defense
decisionDate	1998-06-26 ⓘ
defendant	City of Boca Raton, Florida ⓘ surface form: City of Boca Raton
dissentBy	Anthony M. Kennedy ⓘ Antonin Scalia ⓘ Clarence Thomas ⓘ William H. Rehnquist ⓘ
docketNumber	97-282 ⓘ
fullCaseName	Faragher v. City of Boca Raton self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Beth Ann Faragher v. City of Boca Raton
holding	An employer is vicariously liable under Title VII for actionable discrimination caused by a supervisor with immediate or successively higher authority over the employee. ⓘ The affirmative defense requires the employer to show reasonable care to prevent and correct harassing behavior and that the employee unreasonably failed to take advantage of preventive or corrective opportunities. ⓘ When no tangible employment action is taken, an employer may raise an affirmative defense to liability or damages for supervisor harassment. ⓘ
impact	established nationwide standard for employer liability in supervisor harassment cases ⓘ
involvesConcept	affirmative defense ⓘ hostile work environment harassment ⓘ tangible employment action ⓘ vicarious liability ⓘ
issue	employer vicarious liability for supervisor sexual harassment ⓘ scope of employer liability under Title VII ⓘ
joinedMajority	John Paul Stevens ⓘ Ruth Bader Ginsburg ⓘ Sandra Day O’Connor ⓘ Stephen G. Breyer ⓘ
jurisdiction	United States federal law ⓘ
languageOfOpinion	English ⓘ
legalArea	anti-discrimination law ⓘ civil rights law ⓘ labor and employment law ⓘ
legalBasis	Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ
majorityOpinionBy	David H. Souter ⓘ
plaintiff	Beth Ann Faragher ⓘ
relatedCase	Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth ⓘ
requiresForDefense	employee’s unreasonable failure to use preventive or corrective procedures ⓘ employer exercise of reasonable care to correct harassing behavior ⓘ employer exercise of reasonable care to prevent harassment ⓘ
subjectMatter	hostile work environment ⓘ workplace sexual harassment ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (4)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson → precedentFor → Faragher v. City of Boca Raton ⓘ

Faragher v. City of Boca Raton → fullCaseName → Faragher v. City of Boca Raton self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Beth Ann Faragher v. City of Boca Raton

Faragher v. City of Boca Raton → createdDoctrine → Faragher v. City of Boca Raton self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Faragher–Ellerth affirmative defense

Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth → relatedCase → Faragher v. City of Boca Raton ⓘ

All labels observed (3)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (48)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (4)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited