Triple

T1465834
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Stephen G. Breyer E27018 entity
Predicate notableCaseParticipation P17092 FINISHED
Object United States v. Booker
United States v. Booker is a landmark 2005 U.S. Supreme Court decision that rendered the Federal Sentencing Guidelines advisory rather than mandatory to preserve their constitutionality under the Sixth Amendment.
E167747 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: United States v. Booker | Statement: [Stephen G. Breyer, notableCaseParticipation, United States v. Booker]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: United States v. Booker
Context triple: [Stephen G. Breyer, notableCaseParticipation, United States v. Booker]
  • A. United States v. Lopez
    United States v. Lopez is a 1995 U.S. Supreme Court case that marked the first time in decades the Court struck down a federal law for exceeding Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause, signaling a revival of limits on federal regulatory authority.
  • B. United States v. Eichman
    United States v. Eichman is a 1990 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down a federal law banning flag desecration as unconstitutional under the First Amendment’s protection of free speech.
  • C. Dickerson v. United States
    Dickerson v. United States is a 2000 U.S. Supreme Court case that reaffirmed the constitutional basis of Miranda warnings and held that Congress could not overrule Miranda v. Arizona by statute.
  • D. Printz v. United States
    Printz v. United States is a 1997 U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited federal power by holding that Congress cannot compel state or local officials to implement federal regulatory programs.
  • E. Shelby County v. Holder
    Shelby County v. Holder is a 2013 U.S. Supreme Court decision that significantly weakened the Voting Rights Act of 1965 by striking down the formula used to determine which jurisdictions required federal preclearance for changes to their voting laws.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: United States v. Booker
Triple: [Stephen G. Breyer, notableCaseParticipation, United States v. Booker]
Generated description
United States v. Booker is a landmark 2005 U.S. Supreme Court decision that rendered the Federal Sentencing Guidelines advisory rather than mandatory to preserve their constitutionality under the Sixth Amendment.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: United States v. Booker
Target entity description: United States v. Booker is a landmark 2005 U.S. Supreme Court decision that rendered the Federal Sentencing Guidelines advisory rather than mandatory to preserve their constitutionality under the Sixth Amendment.
  • A. United States v. Lopez
    United States v. Lopez is a 1995 U.S. Supreme Court case that marked the first time in decades the Court struck down a federal law for exceeding Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause, signaling a revival of limits on federal regulatory authority.
  • B. United States v. Eichman
    United States v. Eichman is a 1990 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down a federal law banning flag desecration as unconstitutional under the First Amendment’s protection of free speech.
  • C. Dickerson v. United States
    Dickerson v. United States is a 2000 U.S. Supreme Court case that reaffirmed the constitutional basis of Miranda warnings and held that Congress could not overrule Miranda v. Arizona by statute.
  • D. Printz v. United States
    Printz v. United States is a 1997 U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited federal power by holding that Congress cannot compel state or local officials to implement federal regulatory programs.
  • E. Shelby County v. Holder
    Shelby County v. Holder is a 2013 U.S. Supreme Court decision that significantly weakened the Voting Rights Act of 1965 by striking down the formula used to determine which jurisdictions required federal preclearance for changes to their voting laws.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a496d25d6881909dbd84f86d763992 completed March 1, 2026, 7:43 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4c5bb4e288190997c7e8985e9a2bd completed March 1, 2026, 11:03 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ad0e7c8a608190b3ca574c118e89b5 completed March 8, 2026, 5:51 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ad0f462d708190afa0c2df1e043946 completed March 8, 2026, 5:55 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ad0fb331e881908455844135bb3208 completed March 8, 2026, 5:57 a.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 8:01 p.m.