Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

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United States federal constitutional law constitutional amendment

The Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is a provision in the Bill of Rights that reserves to the states or the people all powers not delegated to the federal government, serving as a key foundation for American federalism and states’ rights.

Aliases (4)

Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution ×3
Tenth Amendment ×1
Tenth Amendment (federalism principles) ×1
Tenth Amendment federalism ×1

Statements (50)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	United States federal constitutional law → constitutional amendment →
adoptedBy	United States →
appliesTo	federal executive power → federal judicial power → federal legislative power →
associatedDoctrine	anti-commandeering doctrine → dual sovereignty → police powers of the states →
authoredBy	James Madison →
category	Amendments dealing with federalism →
clarifies	scope of federal powers → scope of state powers →
constitutionalPrinciple	enumerated powers doctrine → popular sovereignty → residual sovereignty of the states →
country	United States of America →
follows	Article Seven of the United States Constitution (in order of ratification of amendments) → Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution →
hasLegalEffect	constrains expansion of federal authority beyond enumerated powers →
historicalContext	response to concerns of Anti-Federalists →
interpretedBy	Supreme Court of the United States →
keyCase	Bond v. United States → Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority → McCulloch v. Maryland → National League of Cities v. Usery → New York v. United States (1992) → Printz v. United States → United States v. Darby →
language	English →
legalSubject	division of powers → federalism → reserved powers → states' rights →
limits	federal government →
partOf	Bill of Rights → United States Constitution →
positionInDocument	10 →
precededBy	Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution →
proposedBy	First United States Congress →
proposedOn	1789-09-25 →
purpose	to reassure that powers not granted to the federal government are retained by the states or the people →
ratifiedOn	1791-12-15 →
recognizedAs	constitutional basis for states' rights arguments → foundation of American federalism →
reservesPowersTo	states → the people →
text	The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. →
usedIn	constitutional challenges to federal regulations → constitutional interpretation of federal statutes →

Referenced by (33)

Subject (surface form when different)	Predicate
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority ("Tenth Amendment") → Helvering v. Davis → Jay Printz, Sheriff/Coroner, Ravalli County, Montana, et al. v. United States → National League of Cities v. Usery → New York v. United States (1992) → United States v. Butler ("Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution") → United States v. Lopez ("Tenth Amendment (federalism principles)") →	constitutionalProvisionInterpreted
Butler ("Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution") → Maryland v. Wirtz → Printz v. United States →	constitutionalProvisionInvolved
Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution → Fugitive Slave Clause → Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution →	relatedTo
Hammer v. Dagenhart → Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 →	constitutionalIssue
Jay Printz, Sheriff/Coroner, Ravalli County, Montana, et al. v. United States → South Dakota v. Dole ("Tenth Amendment federalism") →	legalIssue
Steward Machine Co. v. Davis → United States v. Darby →	relatedConstitutionalProvision
South Dakota v. Dole ("Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution") →	appliesConstitutionalProvision
Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association →	concerns
Bond v. United States →	concernsConstitutionalProvision
Bill of Rights →	containsAmendment
Commerce Clause →	contrastedWith
Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution →	follows
Shelby County v. Holder →	hasConstitutionalProvisionInvolved
United States constitutional amendments →	includes
Virginia Declaration of Rights →	influenced
United States v. Butler →	lawApplied
Printz v. United States →	legalSubject
First United States Congress →	proposedAmendment
Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution →	ratifiedWith
Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution →	relatedClause