Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution
E14606
amendment to the United States Constitution
constitutional amendment
provision of the United States Bill of Rights
The Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution is a provision in the Bill of Rights that affirms the existence of fundamental rights retained by the people that are not specifically enumerated in the Constitution.
Aliases (2)
- Ninth Amendment ×2
- Amendment IX ×1
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
amendment to the United States Constitution
→
constitutional amendment → provision of the United States Bill of Rights → |
| adoptedOn |
1791-12-15
→
|
| affirms |
existence of unenumerated rights
→
rights retained by the people → |
| alsoKnownAs |
Amendment IX
→
Ninth Amendment → |
| appliesTo |
federal government of the United States
→
|
| author |
James Madison
→
|
| category |
Amendments to the United States Constitution
→
Human rights in the United States → United States Bill of Rights → |
| citedBy |
United States Supreme Court
→
|
| citedIn |
Griswold v. Connecticut
→
Roe v. Wade → United Public Workers v. Mitchell → |
| country |
United States of America
→
|
| debatedBy |
constitutional scholars
→
|
| debatedIssue |
relationship to substantive due process doctrine
→
whether it is an independent source of rights → |
| hasEffectOn |
constitutional theory of unenumerated rights
→
interpretation of individual rights under the Constitution → |
| hasInterpretationIssue |
judicial enforceability of unenumerated rights
→
scope of unenumerated rights → |
| historicalContext |
Anti-Federalist concerns about individual rights
→
debates over ratification of the United States Constitution → |
| influencedBy |
Enlightenment political philosophy
→
doctrine of natural rights → |
| jurisdiction |
federal courts of the United States
→
|
| language |
English
→
|
| legalDomain |
constitutional law
→
|
| legalSystem |
United States law
→
|
| locatedInSection |
Article of Amendment IX
→
|
| partOf |
Bill of Rights
→
United States Constitution → |
| positionInDocument |
9
→
|
| proposedBy |
First United States Congress
→
|
| proposedOn |
1789-09-25
→
|
| purpose |
to clarify that listing certain rights in the Constitution does not deny other rights retained by the people
→
to protect unenumerated fundamental rights → |
| ratifiedOn |
1791-12-15
→
|
| relatedConcept |
natural rights
→
retained rights → substantive due process → unenumerated rights → |
| relatedTo |
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
→
Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution → |
| text |
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
→
|
Referenced by (10)
| Subject (surface form when different) | Predicate |
|---|---|
|
Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution
("Ninth Amendment")
→
Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution ("Amendment IX") → |
alsoKnownAs |
|
Griswold v. Connecticut
("Ninth Amendment")
→
|
constitutionalProvisionInterpreted |
|
Bill of Rights
→
|
containsAmendment |
|
Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
→
|
follows |
|
United States constitutional amendments
→
|
includes |
|
Virginia Declaration of Rights
→
|
influenced |
|
Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
→
|
precededBy |
|
First United States Congress
→
|
proposedAmendment |
|
Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution
→
|
ratifiedWith |