Korematsu v. United States
E94860
Korematsu v. United States is a landmark 1944 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the wartime internment of Japanese Americans, later widely condemned as a grave civil liberties violation.
Aliases (2)
Statements (53)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
→
civil liberties case → landmark case → |
| areaOfLaw |
civil rights
→
constitutional law → national security law → |
| citation |
323 U.S. 214
→
|
| constitutionalProvision |
Article II of the United States Constitution
NERFINISHED
→
Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution → |
| country |
United States
→
|
| court |
Supreme Court of the United States
→
|
| decisionDate |
1944-12-18
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|
| dissentingJustices |
Frank Murphy
→
Owen J. Roberts NERFINISHED → Robert H. Jackson NERFINISHED → |
| fullName |
Korematsu v. United States
NERFINISHED
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|
| geographicScope |
West Coast of the United States
NERFINISHED
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|
| holding |
upheld the exclusion and internment of Japanese Americans during World War II as a valid exercise of war powers
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|
| jurisdiction |
federal
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|
| languageOfProceeding |
English
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|
| laterCharacterization |
example of judicial deference to the military
→
example of racial discrimination upheld by the Supreme Court → widely condemned as a grave civil liberties violation → |
| legalIssue |
Equal Protection component of the Fifth Amendment Due Process Clause
→
constitutionality of Japanese American internment → war powers of the President and Congress → |
| majorityJustices |
Felix Frankfurter
NERFINISHED
→
Harold H. Burton → Hugo Black NERFINISHED → Owen J. Roberts NERFINISHED → Robert H. Jackson → Stanley Reed NERFINISHED → William O. Douglas NERFINISHED → |
| majorityOpinionBy |
Hugo Black
NERFINISHED
→
|
| overruledStatus |
not formally overruled but repudiated
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|
| pageInUnitedStatesReports |
214
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|
| petitioner |
Fred Korematsu
NERFINISHED
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|
| raceClassification |
Japanese ancestry
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|
| relatedCase |
Ex parte Endo
NERFINISHED
→
Hirabayashi v. United States NERFINISHED → Yasui v. United States NERFINISHED → |
| relatedExecutiveOrder |
Executive Order 9066
NERFINISHED
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|
| relatedLegislation |
Public Law 503
NERFINISHED
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|
| respondent |
United States
NERFINISHED
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|
| shortName |
Korematsu
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|
| standardOfReview |
strict scrutiny (later characterization)
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|
| subjectMatter |
internment of Japanese Americans
→
military exclusion orders → |
| subsequentDevelopment |
conviction of Fred Korematsu vacated by coram nobis in 1983
→
effectively disavowed by the Supreme Court in Trump v. Hawaii (2018) → |
| volumeOfUnitedStatesReports |
323
→
|
| warContext |
World War II
→
|
| yearDecided |
1944
→
|
Referenced by (6)
| Subject (surface form when different) | Predicate |
|---|---|
|
United States Supreme Court cases of the Stone Court
→
|
includesCase |
|
Japanese Americans
→
|
notableCourtCase |
|
Korematsu v. United States (dissent)
("Korematsu v. United States (majority opinion)")
→
|
opposesHoldingOf |
|
Korematsu v. United States (dissent)
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|
partOfCase |
|
Japanese American internment
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|
relatedCourtCase |
|
Korematsu v. United States
("Korematsu")
→
|
shortName |