Hirabayashi v. United States

E95689

United States Supreme Court case landmark case

Hirabayashi v. United States is a 1943 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the wartime curfew and restrictions imposed on Japanese Americans during World War II.

Try in SPARQL Jump to: Surface forms Statements Referenced by

All labels observed (4)

Label	Occurrences
Hirabayashi v. United States canonical	6
Gordon Hirabayashi was a U.S.-born citizen of Japanese ancestry and a college student at the University of Washington.	1
Hirabayashi v. United States (post‑conviction proceedings)	1
The Supreme Court affirmed Hirabayashi’s conviction for violating the curfew and exclusion orders.	1

Statements (50)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	United States Supreme Court case ⓘ landmark case ⓘ
areaOfLaw	civil rights ⓘ constitutional law ⓘ military law ⓘ
arguedDate	1943-05-10 ⓘ 1943-05-11 ⓘ
citation	320 U.S. 81 ⓘ
constitutionalProvision	U.S. Constitution, Article II war powers context ⓘ Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ surface form: U.S. Constitution, Fifth Amendment
court	Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ
decisionDate	1943-06-21 ⓘ
defendantBackground	Hirabayashi v. United States self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Gordon Hirabayashi was a U.S.-born citizen of Japanese ancestry and a college student at the University of Washington.
docketNumber	870 ⓘ
fullCaseName	Hirabayashi v. United States self-link ⓘ
geographicScope	U.S. West Coast military areas ⓘ
historicalAssessment	Later widely criticized as an endorsement of racial discrimination under the guise of military necessity. ⓘ
holding	Hirabayashi v. United States self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: The Supreme Court affirmed Hirabayashi’s conviction for violating the curfew and exclusion orders. The Supreme Court held that the curfew order was a valid exercise of the war powers of Congress and the President. ⓘ The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of a wartime curfew imposed on Japanese Americans on the West Coast. ⓘ
impact	Influenced later Supreme Court analysis of race and national security. ⓘ Provided judicial support for wartime restrictions on Japanese Americans. ⓘ
jurisdiction	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
laterDevelopment	Hirabayashi’s convictions were vacated in the 1980s through coram nobis proceedings in lower federal courts. ⓘ
legalIssue	Equal Protection component of the Fifth Amendment Due Process Clause ⓘ constitutionality of wartime curfew ⓘ restrictions on Japanese Americans ⓘ war powers of the President and Congress ⓘ
locationOfEvents	Seattle, Washington, United States ⓘ surface form: Seattle, Washington
majorityOpinionBy	Justice Harlan F. Stone ⓘ surface form: Chief Justice Harlan F. Stone
opinionType	unanimous decision ⓘ
pageInUnitedStatesReports	81 ⓘ
petitioner	Gordon Kiyoshi Hirabayashi ⓘ
reargued	no ⓘ
relatedCase	Ex parte Endo ⓘ Korematsu v. United States ⓘ Yasui v. United States ⓘ
relatedTo	Japanese American civil liberties ⓘ Japanese American internment ⓘ World War II ⓘ
respondent	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
statuteInvolved	Executive Order 9066 ⓘ surface form: Executive Order 9066 (contextual authority) Public Law 503 ⓘ
subjectMatter	national security ⓘ racial discrimination ⓘ wartime civil liberties ⓘ
timePeriod	World War II era ⓘ
volumeInUnitedStatesReports	320 ⓘ
vote	9-0 ⓘ
yearDecided	1943 ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.

Instruction

You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10.

# Requirements
- If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list.
- If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list.
- Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf".
- Do not get too wordy.
- Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.

Input

Subject: Hirabayashi v. United States
Description of subject: Hirabayashi v. United States is a 1943 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the wartime curfew and restrictions imposed on Japanese Americans during World War II.

Referenced by (9)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Japanese Americans → notableCourtCase → Hirabayashi v. United States ⓘ

United States Supreme Court cases of the Stone Court → includesCase → Hirabayashi v. United States ⓘ

Japanese American internment → relatedCourtCase → Hirabayashi v. United States ⓘ

Korematsu v. United States → relatedCase → Hirabayashi v. United States ⓘ

Hirabayashi v. United States → fullCaseName → Hirabayashi v. United States self-link ⓘ

Hirabayashi v. United States → holding → Hirabayashi v. United States self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: The Supreme Court affirmed Hirabayashi’s conviction for violating the curfew and exclusion orders.

Hirabayashi v. United States → defendantBackground → Hirabayashi v. United States self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gordon Hirabayashi was a U.S.-born citizen of Japanese ancestry and a college student at the University of Washington.

Ex parte Endo → relatedTo → Hirabayashi v. United States ⓘ

United States Supreme Court cases of the Vinson Court → notableCase → Hirabayashi v. United States ⓘ

this entity surface form: Hirabayashi v. United States (post‑conviction proceedings)