Hirabayashi v. United States
E95689
Hirabayashi v. United States is a 1943 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the wartime curfew and restrictions imposed on Japanese Americans during World War II.
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
→
landmark case → |
| areaOfLaw |
civil rights
→
constitutional law → military law → |
| arguedDate |
1943-05-10
→
1943-05-11 → |
| citation |
320 U.S. 81
→
|
| constitutionalProvision |
U.S. Constitution, Article II war powers context
→
U.S. Constitution, Fifth Amendment NERFINISHED → |
| court |
Supreme Court of the United States
→
|
| decisionDate |
1943-06-21
→
|
| defendantBackground |
Gordon Hirabayashi was a U.S.-born citizen of Japanese ancestry and a college student at the University of Washington.
NERFINISHED
→
|
| docketNumber |
870
→
|
| fullCaseName |
Hirabayashi v. United States
NERFINISHED
→
|
| geographicScope |
U.S. West Coast military areas
→
|
| historicalAssessment |
Later widely criticized as an endorsement of racial discrimination under the guise of military necessity.
→
|
| holding |
The Supreme Court affirmed Hirabayashi’s conviction for violating the curfew and exclusion orders.
NERFINISHED
→
The Supreme Court held that the curfew order was a valid exercise of the war powers of Congress and the President. NERFINISHED → The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of a wartime curfew imposed on Japanese Americans on the West Coast. → |
| impact |
Influenced later Supreme Court analysis of race and national security.
→
Provided judicial support for wartime restrictions on Japanese Americans. → |
| jurisdiction |
United States
→
|
| laterDevelopment |
Hirabayashi’s convictions were vacated in the 1980s through coram nobis proceedings in lower federal courts.
→
|
| legalIssue |
Equal Protection component of the Fifth Amendment Due Process Clause
→
constitutionality of wartime curfew → restrictions on Japanese Americans → war powers of the President and Congress → |
| locationOfEvents |
Seattle, Washington
NERFINISHED
→
|
| majorityOpinionBy |
Chief Justice Harlan F. Stone
NERFINISHED
→
|
| opinionType |
unanimous decision
→
|
| pageInUnitedStatesReports |
81
→
|
| petitioner |
Gordon Kiyoshi Hirabayashi
NERFINISHED
→
|
| reargued |
no
→
|
| relatedCase |
Ex parte Endo
NERFINISHED
→
Korematsu v. United States NERFINISHED → Yasui v. United States NERFINISHED → |
| relatedTo |
Japanese American civil liberties
→
Japanese American internment → World War II NERFINISHED → |
| respondent |
United States
NERFINISHED
→
|
| statuteInvolved |
Executive Order 9066 (contextual authority)
NERFINISHED
→
Public Law 503 NERFINISHED → |
| subjectMatter |
national security
→
racial discrimination → wartime civil liberties → |
| timePeriod |
World War II era
→
|
| volumeInUnitedStatesReports |
320
→
|
| vote |
9-0
→
|
| yearDecided |
1943
→
|
Referenced by (2)
| Subject (surface form when different) | Predicate |
|---|---|
|
United States Supreme Court cases of the Stone Court
→
|
includesCase |
|
Japanese Americans
→
|
notableCourtCase |