B lymphocytes
E261828
B lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell central to the adaptive immune system, responsible for producing antibodies and mediating humoral immunity.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| B lymphocyte | 1 |
| B lymphocytes canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2371008 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: B lymphocytes Context triple: [Rituxan, targets, B lymphocytes]
-
A.
CD4+ T cells
CD4+ T cells are a subset of immune cells that coordinate and regulate the body’s adaptive immune response, playing a central role in defending against infections.
-
B.
Bruton tyrosine kinase
Bruton tyrosine kinase is a key signaling enzyme in B cells that plays a crucial role in their development and function and is a major therapeutic target in certain blood cancers and autoimmune diseases.
-
C.
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a diverse group of blood cancers that originate in the lymphatic system from abnormal lymphocytes and can vary widely in aggressiveness and prognosis.
-
D.
Hodgkin
Hodgkin is a surname most famously associated with Dorothy Hodgkin, the Nobel Prize–winning British chemist who advanced the field of X-ray crystallography.
-
E.
CD38
CD38 is a cell surface glycoprotein with ectoenzyme and receptor functions, highly expressed on plasma cells and targeted in therapies for multiple myeloma and other hematologic malignancies.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: B lymphocytes Target entity description: B lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell central to the adaptive immune system, responsible for producing antibodies and mediating humoral immunity.
-
A.
CD4+ T cells
CD4+ T cells are a subset of immune cells that coordinate and regulate the body’s adaptive immune response, playing a central role in defending against infections.
-
B.
Bruton tyrosine kinase
Bruton tyrosine kinase is a key signaling enzyme in B cells that plays a crucial role in their development and function and is a major therapeutic target in certain blood cancers and autoimmune diseases.
-
C.
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a diverse group of blood cancers that originate in the lymphatic system from abnormal lymphocytes and can vary widely in aggressiveness and prognosis.
-
D.
Hodgkin
Hodgkin is a surname most famously associated with Dorothy Hodgkin, the Nobel Prize–winning British chemist who advanced the field of X-ray crystallography.
-
E.
CD38
CD38 is a cell surface glycoprotein with ectoenzyme and receptor functions, highly expressed on plasma cells and targeted in therapies for multiple myeloma and other hematologic malignancies.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (54)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
immune cell
ⓘ
lymphocyte ⓘ white blood cell ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
B cell lymphomas
ⓘ
autoimmune diseases ⓘ |
| capableOf |
affinity maturation
ⓘ
antibody production ⓘ antigen presentation ⓘ class switch recombination ⓘ cytokine secretion ⓘ differentiation into memory B cells ⓘ differentiation into plasma cells ⓘ somatic hypermutation ⓘ |
| developFrom | hematopoietic stem cells ⓘ |
| developIn | bone marrow ⓘ |
| differentiatesInto |
germinal center B cells
ⓘ
memory B cells ⓘ naive B cells ⓘ plasma cells ⓘ |
| express |
B cell receptor
ⓘ
CD19 ⓘ CD20 protein ⓘ
surface form:
CD20
CD21 ⓘ CD22 ⓘ CD79a ⓘ CD79b ⓘ MHC class II molecules ⓘ surface immunoglobulin ⓘ |
| firstDescribedAs | bursa-derived lymphocytes in birds ⓘ |
| foundIn |
Peyer’s patches
ⓘ
blood ⓘ lymph nodes ⓘ mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue ⓘ spleen ⓘ tonsils ⓘ |
| locatedIn | germinal centers ⓘ |
| mediates | humoral immunity ⓘ |
| nameDerivedFrom | bursa of Fabricius in birds ⓘ |
| partOf |
adaptive immune system
ⓘ
humoral immune response ⓘ |
| produces |
IgA antibodies
ⓘ
IgD antibodies ⓘ IgE antibodies ⓘ IgG antibodies ⓘ IgM antibodies ⓘ |
| recognizes | native antigen ⓘ |
| regulatedBy |
BAFF
ⓘ
interleukin-21 ⓘ interleukin-4 ⓘ |
| requiresHelpFrom |
CD4+ T cells
ⓘ
surface form:
T helper cells
|
| targetOf |
Rituxan
ⓘ
surface form:
rituximab
|
| undergoes |
V(D)J recombination
ⓘ
negative selection ⓘ positive selection ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: B lymphocytes Description of subject: B lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell central to the adaptive immune system, responsible for producing antibodies and mediating humoral immunity.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
B lymphocyte