Reconstruction era

E1407

United States history period historical period

The Reconstruction era was the period following the American Civil War when the United States attempted to reintegrate the seceded Southern states and redefine the legal and social status of formerly enslaved people.

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All labels observed (31)

Label	Occurrences
Reconstruction era canonical	98
Reconstruction era in the United States	9
Reconstruction era United States	7
Reconstruction Era	4
Military Reconstruction	2
Radical Reconstruction	2
Reconstruction	2
African American officeholding during Reconstruction	1
American Civil War aftermath	1
American Reconstruction era	1
Black Codes (immediately after the Civil War)	1
Civil War and Reconstruction Amendment	1
Congressional Reconstruction	1
Post-Reconstruction United States	1
Post–Civil War United States	1
Presidential Reconstruction	1
Reconstruction after the American Civil War	1
Reconstruction after the Civil War	1
Reconstruction and its aftermath	1
Reconstruction era United States politics	1
Reconstruction era in Texas	1
Reconstruction era of the United States	1
Reconstruction governments	1
Reconstruction in the American South	1
Reconstruction in the United States	1
Reconstruction military government	1
Reconstruction policy	1
Reconstruction was a period of significant Black political participation and leadership	1
Reconstruction-era America	1
United States Reconstruction era	1
post–Civil War United States	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T11743 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Reconstruction era
Context triple: [Gilded Age, precededBy, Reconstruction era]

A. Gilded Age
The Gilded Age was a late 19th-century period in the United States marked by rapid industrialization, vast wealth accumulation, stark social inequality, and influential business magnates like Andrew Carnegie.
B. American Civil War
The American Civil War was a major 19th-century conflict fought from 1861 to 1865 between the Northern Union states and the Southern Confederate states, primarily over slavery and states’ rights, that reshaped the political and social landscape of the United States.
C. American South (19th and early 20th centuries)
The American South in the 19th and early 20th centuries was a predominantly agrarian, racially segregated region defined by the legacy of slavery, the Civil War, and Jim Crow laws, with a political culture rooted in white supremacy and states’ rights.
D. New Deal
The New Deal was a series of ambitious economic and social programs in the United States during the 1930s that expanded the federal government's role in response to the Great Depression.
E. Thirteenth Amendment
The Thirteenth Amendment is a landmark provision to the United States Constitution that formally abolished slavery and involuntary servitude throughout the country, except as punishment for a crime.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Reconstruction era
Target entity description: The Reconstruction era was the period following the American Civil War when the United States attempted to reintegrate the seceded Southern states and redefine the legal and social status of formerly enslaved people.

A. Gilded Age
The Gilded Age was a late 19th-century period in the United States marked by rapid industrialization, vast wealth accumulation, stark social inequality, and influential business magnates like Andrew Carnegie.
B. American Civil War
The American Civil War was a major 19th-century conflict fought from 1861 to 1865 between the Northern Union states and the Southern Confederate states, primarily over slavery and states’ rights, that reshaped the political and social landscape of the United States.
C. American South (19th and early 20th centuries)
The American South in the 19th and early 20th centuries was a predominantly agrarian, racially segregated region defined by the legacy of slavery, the Civil War, and Jim Crow laws, with a political culture rooted in white supremacy and states’ rights.
D. New Deal
The New Deal was a series of ambitious economic and social programs in the United States during the 1930s that expanded the federal government's role in response to the Great Depression.
E. Thirteenth Amendment
The Thirteenth Amendment is a landmark provision to the United States Constitution that formally abolished slavery and involuntary servitude throughout the country, except as punishment for a crime.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (63)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	United States history period ⓘ historical period ⓘ
aim	protect civil rights of freedpeople ⓘ rebuild Southern economy ⓘ redefine federal-state relations ⓘ restore seceded states to the Union ⓘ
appliesToJurisdiction	Southern United States ⓘ former Confederate states ⓘ
country	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
endTime	1877 ⓘ
followedBy	Gilded Age ⓘ Jim Crow laws ⓘ surface form: Jim Crow era
follows	American Civil War ⓘ
hasCause	defeat of the Confederacy ⓘ emancipation of enslaved people ⓘ secession of Southern states ⓘ
hasEffect	abolition of slavery in the United States ⓘ development of Jim Crow foundations ⓘ emergence of Black officeholders in the South ⓘ eventual withdrawal of federal troops from the South ⓘ expansion of public education in the South ⓘ extension of voting rights to Black men ⓘ federal occupation of Southern states ⓘ granting of citizenship to formerly enslaved people ⓘ intensification of racial violence in the South ⓘ readmission of Confederate states to the Union ⓘ rise of sharecropping system ⓘ strengthening of federal power over states ⓘ temporary political participation of African Americans ⓘ
hasPart	Reconstruction era self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Congressional Reconstruction Reconstruction era self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Military Reconstruction Reconstruction era self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Presidential Reconstruction Radical Republicanism ⓘ surface form: Radical Reconstruction Redemption ⓘ
mainSubject	reintegration of seceded Southern states ⓘ status of formerly enslaved people ⓘ
opposedBy	Ku Klux Klan ⓘ Southern Democrats ⓘ surface form: Southern white Democrats paramilitary white supremacist groups ⓘ
politicalMovement	Radical Republicanism ⓘ Redemption (end of Reconstruction governments) ⓘ surface form: Redemption movement
significantEvent	Civil Rights Act of 1866 ⓘ Civil Rights Act of 1875 ⓘ Compromise of 1877 ⓘ Peonage Act of 1867 ⓘ surface form: Enforcement Acts Reconstruction Acts of 1867 ⓘ surface form: Military Reconstruction Acts Reconstruction Acts of 1867 ⓘ establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau ⓘ impeachment of Andrew Johnson ⓘ ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment ⓘ ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment ⓘ rise of the Ku Klux Klan ⓘ
significantFigure	Abraham Lincoln ⓘ Andrew Johnson ⓘ Blanche K. Bruce ⓘ Charles Sumner ⓘ Douglass ⓘ surface form: Frederick Douglass Hiram Revels ⓘ Rutherford B. Hayes ⓘ Thaddeus Stevens ⓘ Ulysses S. Grant ⓘ
startTime	1865 ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (148)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

41st United States Congress → locatedInTimePeriod → Reconstruction era ⓘ

American Woman Suffrage Association → historicalEra → Reconstruction era ⓘ

constitutional convention of 1875 (Texas) → followed → Reconstruction era ⓘ

subject surface form: Constitutional Convention of 1875 (Texas)

this entity surface form: Reconstruction era in Texas

Palmetto Leaves → hasTheme → Reconstruction era ⓘ

this entity surface form: Reconstruction in the American South

Great Fire of Portland 1866 → timePeriod → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Constitution of 1866 (Texas) → partOf → Reconstruction era ⓘ

John Bingham → fieldOfWork → Reconstruction era ⓘ

this entity surface form: Reconstruction policy

John Bingham → partOf → Reconstruction era ⓘ

this entity surface form: Reconstruction era of the United States

Edmund G. Ross → partOf → Reconstruction era ⓘ

this entity surface form: Reconstruction era United States politics

Julia Dent Grant → associatedWith → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Sethe → timePeriod → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Christian Methodist Episcopal Church → historicalContext → Reconstruction era ⓘ

this entity surface form: Reconstruction era United States

Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment → historicalContext → Reconstruction era ⓘ

this entity surface form: Reconstruction Era

First Enforcement Act → historicalPeriod → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Edman Spangler → historicalPeriod → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Henry W. Grady → era → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Southern Unionists → timePeriod → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Georgia Railroad → historicalPeriod → Reconstruction era ⓘ

this entity surface form: Reconstruction era in the United States

Liberal Republican Party (United States) → historicalContext → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Slaughter-House Cases → historicalContext → Reconstruction era ⓘ

C. Vann Woodward → wroteAbout → Reconstruction era ⓘ

this entity surface form: Reconstruction era in the United States

James M. McPherson → hasWrittenAbout → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Specimen Days → timePeriodDescribed → Reconstruction era ⓘ

New-York Tribune → coveredEvent → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Juneteenth announcement of emancipation in Texas → hasHistoricalPeriod → Reconstruction era ⓘ

The Leopard's Spots → setInPeriod → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Epoch Producing Corporation → hasWorkWithSubject → Reconstruction era ⓘ

this entity surface form: Reconstruction era in the United States

Booker T. Washington → era → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Northern North Carolina → historicallyInfluencedBy → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Geological Survey of California → endTime → Reconstruction era ⓘ

John Hope Franklin → notableWork → Reconstruction era ⓘ

this entity surface form: Reconstruction after the Civil War

Melanie Hamilton → setDuring → Reconstruction era ⓘ

1872 United States presidential election → tookPlaceDuring → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Political Lessons of the War → historicalPeriodDescribed → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Ellenton massacre → partOf → Reconstruction era ⓘ

this entity surface form: United States Reconstruction era

The Souls of Black Folk → influencedBy → Reconstruction era ⓘ

this entity surface form: Reconstruction in the United States

The Souls of Black Folk → timePeriodCovered → Reconstruction era ⓘ

this entity surface form: Reconstruction and its aftermath

Black Reconstruction in America → mainSubject → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Black Reconstruction in America → timePeriodCovered → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Black Reconstruction in America → centralThesis → Reconstruction era ⓘ

this entity surface form: Reconstruction was a period of significant Black political participation and leadership

the color line → associatedWith → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Electoral Commission → timePeriod → Reconstruction era ⓘ

subject surface form: Electoral Commission (United States, 1877)

disputed 1872 Louisiana gubernatorial election → partOf → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Colfax, Louisiana → hasContext → Reconstruction era ⓘ

subject surface form: Colfax massacre

George W. Julian → timePeriod → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Ulysses S. Grant administration → locatedInTimePeriod → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Montana gold rush → temporalContext → Reconstruction era ⓘ

this entity surface form: Reconstruction era United States

Lincoln assassination conspirators → relatedToEvent → Reconstruction era ⓘ

this entity surface form: American Reconstruction era

Southern United States politics → hasHistoricalPeriod → Reconstruction era ⓘ

Wade–Davis Bill → historicalPeriod → Reconstruction era ⓘ

All labels observed (31)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (63)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (148)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited