First Enforcement Act

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The First Enforcement Act was a Reconstruction-era U.S. federal law designed to protect African Americans’ voting rights and curb racial violence and intimidation in the post–Civil War South.

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Statements (44)

Predicate Object
instanceOf Reconstruction-era legislation
United States federal statute
aimedToProtect African American voting rights
rights of newly enfranchised Black citizens
alsoKnownAs Civil Rights Act of 1870
Civil Rights Act of 1870
surface form: Enforcement Act of 1870
appliesTo private individuals
state officials
appliesToJurisdiction United States of America
surface form: United States
country United States of America
surface form: United States
followedBy Civil Rights Act of 1871
surface form: Ku Klux Klan Act

Second Enforcement Act
hasLongTermImpactOn development of federal election law
federal civil rights enforcement
protection of minority voting rights
historicalPeriod Reconstruction era
historicalSignificance early federal assertion of power to protect individual civil rights
foundation for later federal civil rights statutes
inspiredBy attempts by Southern states to circumvent the Fifteenth Amendment
post–Civil War racial violence
legalBasis Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Fourteenth Amendment
surface form: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
legislativeBody United States Congress
locationOfFocus Southern United States
mainPurpose to curb racial violence and intimidation in the post–Civil War South
to enforce the Fifteenth Amendment
to protect the right to vote from interference by individuals and state officials
partOf Enforcement Acts
presidentDuringEnactment Ulysses S. Grant
protectedRight right to equal protection of the laws in voting
right to vote in federal elections
providedFor civil remedies for persons whose rights were violated
criminal penalties for depriving citizens of civil rights under color of law
federal oversight of elections
federal prosecution of individuals who interfered with voting rights
relatedTo Ku Klux Klan
surface form: Ku Klux Klan violence

Reconstruction civil rights legislation
signedBy Ulysses S. Grant
subjectOf United States Supreme Court interpretation
targetedProblem interference with federal elections
racial intimidation of voters
violence against Black voters
typeOfSanction civil penalties
criminal penalties

Referenced by (1)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Civil Rights Act of 1870 alsoKnownAs First Enforcement Act