General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

E2442

international treaty multilateral trade agreement

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was a post–World War II multilateral treaty that governed international trade by reducing tariffs and other barriers, laying the foundation for the modern global trading system.

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Observed surface forms (29)

Surface form	Occurrences
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994	12
GATT	11
GATT 1994	8
GATT 1947	6
Article I (Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment)	2
GATT contracting parties	2
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947	2
Article I of GATT	1
Article II GATT	1
Article II of GATT 1947	1
Article XI (General Elimination of Quantitative Restrictions)	1
Article XXIV (Territorial Application—Frontier Traffic—Customs Unions and Free-trade Areas)	1
Article XXVIII of GATT	1
GATT 1947 in WTO context	1
GATT 1947 system	1
GATT 1994 under the WTO framework	1
GATT Articles I–XXXVIII	1
GATT Contracting Parties	1
GATT Secretariat	1
GATT framework	1
GATT remained main multilateral trade framework	1
GATT trade rounds	1
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)	1
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1947	1
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1947 institutional framework	1
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1947 system	1
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) framework	1
International Trade Organization not established	1
World Trade Organization	1

Statements (83)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	international treaty ⓘ multilateral trade agreement ⓘ
abbreviation	General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: GATT
aimsTo	prevent protectionism ⓘ promote trade liberalization ⓘ provide a rules-based trading system ⓘ reduce non-tariff barriers to trade ⓘ reduce tariffs ⓘ
appliesToJurisdiction	member countries of GATT ⓘ
basedOn	Havana Charter negotiations ⓘ surface form: Havana Charter for an International Trade Organization
cameIntoForce	1 January 1948 ⓘ
concludedBy	Uruguay Round agreements ⓘ
continuedAs	General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: GATT 1994 under the WTO framework
countryOfOrigin	Switzerland ⓘ
dissolved	1 January 1995 ⓘ
draftedBy	participating governments of 23 countries ⓘ
fieldOfWork	international trade ⓘ trade liberalization ⓘ
follows	Havana Charter negotiations ⓘ
hasEffect	creation of a multilateral trading system ⓘ expansion of world trade ⓘ reduction of average tariffs among industrialized countries ⓘ
hasLegacy	foundation of the modern multilateral trading system ⓘ
hasPart	General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Article I (Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment) Article II (Schedules of Concessions) ⓘ Article III (National Treatment on Internal Taxation and Regulation) ⓘ General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Article XI (General Elimination of Quantitative Restrictions) Article XIX (Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products) ⓘ Article XX (General Exceptions) ⓘ Article XXI (Security Exceptions) ⓘ General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Article XXIV (Territorial Application—Frontier Traffic—Customs Unions and Free-trade Areas) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: GATT Articles I–XXXVIII GATT contracting parties meetings ⓘ GATT dispute settlement procedures ⓘ
headquartersLocation	Geneva ⓘ Switzerland ⓘ
inception	1947 ⓘ
languageOfWorkOrName	English ⓘ French ⓘ Spanish ⓘ
legalSuccessor	Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization ⓘ
negotiationRound	Annecy Round (1949) ⓘ Dillon Round (1960–1962) ⓘ Geneva Round (1947) ⓘ Kennedy Round (1964–1967) ⓘ Tokyo Round (1973–1979) ⓘ Torquay Round (1950–1951) ⓘ Uruguay Round (1986–1994) ⓘ
numberOfMembers	128 ⓘ
originalSignatory	Australia ⓘ Belgium ⓘ Brazil ⓘ Myanmar ⓘ surface form: Burma Canada ⓘ Chile ⓘ Cuba ⓘ Czechoslovakia ⓘ Denmark ⓘ France ⓘ India ⓘ Lebanon ⓘ Luxembourg ⓘ Netherlands ⓘ New Zealand ⓘ Norway ⓘ Pakistan ⓘ South Africa ⓘ Zimbabwe ⓘ surface form: Southern Rhodesia Sri Lanka ⓘ Syria ⓘ United Kingdom ⓘ United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
partOf	Bretton Woods system framework ⓘ post–World War II economic order ⓘ
principle	most-favoured-nation treatment ⓘ national treatment ⓘ reciprocity in trade concessions ⓘ tariffs as primary trade policy instrument ⓘ transparency in trade regulations ⓘ
referredToAs	General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ surface form: GATT 1947 in WTO context
replacedBy	World Trade Organization ⓘ
shortName	General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: GATT 1947
signedIn	1947 ⓘ

Referenced by (100)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Article III (National Treatment on Internal Taxation and Regulation) → partOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994

Article III (National Treatment on Internal Taxation and Regulation) → partOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: GATT 1947

Article III:4 → partOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994

Article III:8 → partOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: GATT 1994

Article XIX (Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products) → partOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994

Article XX (General Exceptions) → partOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994

Article XXI (Security Exceptions) → partOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947

Article XXI (Security Exceptions) → partOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: GATT 1994

GATT Article XIX → partOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

Geneva Round (1955–1956) → partOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Code → partOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

Tokyo Round → partOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

Tokyo Round (1973–1979) → partOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

Torquay Round (1950–1951) → partOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

Article II (Schedules of Concessions) → predecessor → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article II of GATT 1947

General Agreement on Trade in Services → predecessor → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

Marrakesh Agreement → predecessor → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: GATT 1947

World Trade Organization → predecessor → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: GATT 1947

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade → referredToAs → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: GATT 1947 in WTO context

Kennedy Round (1964–1967) → relatedConcept → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

International Trade Organization → relatedInstitution → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures → relatedTo → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994

Annex on Air Transport Services → relatedTo → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

Article II (Schedules of Concessions) → relatedTo → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article I of GATT

Article II (Schedules of Concessions) → relatedTo → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article XXVIII of GATT

Article III (National Treatment on Internal Taxation and Regulation) → relatedTo → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article I (Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment)

Customs Valuation Code → relatedTo → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994

Havana Charter negotiations → relatedTo → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

London preparatory meetings on International Trade Organization → relatedTo → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act → relatedTo → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

Torquay Round (1950–1951) → relatedTo → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: World Trade Organization

Trade Expansion Act of 1962 → relatedTo → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment in Havana → relatedTo → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

World Trade Organization → replaced → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

Marrakesh Agreement → replacedOrganization → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1947 system

Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization → replaces → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1947 institutional framework

Havana Charter negotiations → result → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: International Trade Organization not established

Havana Charter negotiations → result → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: GATT remained main multilateral trade framework

Article II (Schedules of Concessions) → shortName → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article II GATT

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade → shortName → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: GATT 1947

Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization → successorTo → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: GATT 1947 system

Dillon Round → tookPlaceUnder → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

Dillon Round (1960–1962) → treatySystem → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: GATT trade rounds

Geneva Round (1955–1956) → underAuspicesOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: GATT

Geneva Round (1955–1956) → underAuspicesOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

Kennedy Round (1964–1967) → underAuspicesOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

London Round (1946) → underAuspicesOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

Tokyo Round (1973–1979) → underAuspicesOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

this entity surface form: GATT

Tokyo Round (1973–1979) → underAuspicesOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ

Geneva Round (1947) → underFrameworkOf → General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ