Article XX (General Exceptions)

E12885

GATT article treaty provision

Article XX (General Exceptions) is a key provision of the GATT that allows World Trade Organization members to adopt trade-restrictive measures for specified public policy objectives, such as protecting human, animal or plant life and conserving exhaustible natural resources, provided certain conditions are met.

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All labels observed (5)

Label	Occurrences
Article XX (General Exceptions) canonical	2
Article XX (General Exceptions) of GATT	1
Article XX(a)	1
Article XX(f)	1
English official text titled "General Exceptions"	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T120931 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Article XX (General Exceptions)
Context triple: [General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, hasPart, Article XX (General Exceptions)]

A. Clause 40
Clause 40 is a famous provision of the Magna Carta that promises royal justice will not be sold, denied, or delayed to any person.
B. Clause 39
Clause 39 is a key provision of the Magna Carta that guarantees the right to due process by prohibiting arbitrary arrest, imprisonment, or dispossession except by lawful judgment or the law of the land.
C. Supplementary Provisions
Supplementary Provisions are the concluding section of the Constitution of Japan that contain transitional, implementation, and special clauses necessary for putting the main constitutional articles into effect.
D. Article VI
Article VI of the United States Constitution establishes the supremacy of federal law, requires officials to take an oath to support the Constitution, and prohibits religious tests for public office.
E. Article V
Article V is the section of the United States Constitution that outlines the formal process for proposing and ratifying constitutional amendments.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Article XX (General Exceptions)
Target entity description: Article XX (General Exceptions) is a key provision of the GATT that allows World Trade Organization members to adopt trade-restrictive measures for specified public policy objectives, such as protecting human, animal or plant life and conserving exhaustible natural resources, provided certain conditions are met.

A. Clause 40
Clause 40 is a famous provision of the Magna Carta that promises royal justice will not be sold, denied, or delayed to any person.
B. Clause 39
Clause 39 is a key provision of the Magna Carta that guarantees the right to due process by prohibiting arbitrary arrest, imprisonment, or dispossession except by lawful judgment or the law of the land.
C. Supplementary Provisions
Supplementary Provisions are the concluding section of the Constitution of Japan that contain transitional, implementation, and special clauses necessary for putting the main constitutional articles into effect.
D. Article VI
Article VI of the United States Constitution establishes the supremacy of federal law, requires officials to take an oath to support the Constitution, and prohibits religious tests for public office.
E. Article V
Article V is the section of the United States Constitution that outlines the formal process for proposing and ratifying constitutional amendments.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	GATT article ⓘ treaty provision ⓘ
adoptedIn	General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ surface form: GATT 1947
allows	trade-restrictive measures under specified conditions ⓘ
appliesTo	World Trade Organization ⓘ surface form: World Trade Organization members
balances	trade liberalization and non-trade public policy objectives ⓘ
carriedOverTo	Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization ⓘ surface form: GATT 1994
chapeau	prohibits arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between countries where the same conditions prevail ⓘ prohibits disguised restrictions on international trade ⓘ
condition	measures must not be a disguised restriction on international trade ⓘ measures must not be applied in a manner constituting arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination ⓘ
firstTier	measure must fall under at least one specific paragraph (a)–(j) ⓘ
interpretedBy	WTO Appellate Body ⓘ WTO panels ⓘ
language	Article XX (General Exceptions) self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: English official text titled "General Exceptions"
legalEffect	can justify measures otherwise inconsistent with GATT obligations ⓘ
legalNature	exception clause to general GATT disciplines ⓘ
legalSystem	World Trade Organization ⓘ surface form: World Trade Organization law
objective	conservation of exhaustible natural resources under Article XX(g) ⓘ imposition of restrictions on exports of domestic materials under Article XX(k) ⓘ protection of animal life or health under Article XX(b) ⓘ protection of human life or health under Article XX(b) ⓘ protection of national treasures of artistic, historic or archaeological value under Article XX(f) ⓘ protection of plant life or health under Article XX(b) ⓘ protection of public morals under Article XX(a) ⓘ relief of products in general or local short supply under Article XX(j) ⓘ restrictions on the export of domestic materials necessary to ensure essential quantities to a domestic processing industry under Article XX(l) ⓘ securing compliance with laws or regulations not inconsistent with the GATT under Article XX(d) ⓘ
paragraph	Article XX (General Exceptions) self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Article XX(a) Article XX(b) ⓘ Article XX(d) ⓘ Article XX (General Exceptions) self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Article XX(f) Article XX(g) ⓘ Article XX(j) ⓘ Article XX(k) ⓘ Article XX(l) ⓘ
partOf	General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ surface form: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 World Trade Organization legal framework ⓘ
purpose	to allow exceptions to GATT obligations for specified public policy objectives ⓘ
relatedTo	environmental protection measures ⓘ public health measures ⓘ regulatory autonomy of WTO members ⓘ
requires	a two-tier legal test in WTO dispute settlement ⓘ means-ends relationship assessment between the measure and the policy objective ⓘ necessity analysis for certain paragraphs such as XX(b) and XX(d) ⓘ
scope	applies to measures inconsistent with certain GATT provisions such as Articles I, III and XI ⓘ
secondTier	measure must satisfy the chapeau requirements ⓘ
usedIn	Dispute Settlement Understanding ⓘ surface form: WTO dispute settlement cases

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (6)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade → hasPart → Article XX (General Exceptions) ⓘ

Article XXI (Security Exceptions) → relatedTo → Article XX (General Exceptions) ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article XX (General Exceptions) of GATT

Article III (National Treatment on Internal Taxation and Regulation) → relatedTo → Article XX (General Exceptions) ⓘ

Article XX (General Exceptions) → paragraph → Article XX (General Exceptions) self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article XX(a)

Article XX (General Exceptions) → paragraph → Article XX (General Exceptions) self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Article XX(f)

Article XX (General Exceptions) → language → Article XX (General Exceptions) self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: English official text titled "General Exceptions"

All labels observed (5)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (48)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (6)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited