Article XXI (Security Exceptions)
E13582
Article XXI (Security Exceptions) is a provision of the GATT that allows WTO members to take trade-restrictive measures they deem necessary for the protection of their essential security interests.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Article XXI(c) | 2 |
| Article XXI (Security Exceptions) canonical | 1 |
| Article XXI(a) | 1 |
| Article XXI(d) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T120932 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
Target entity: Article XXI (Security Exceptions) Context triple: [General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, hasPart, Article XXI (Security Exceptions)]
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A.
Article XX (General Exceptions)
Article XX (General Exceptions) is a key provision of the GATT that allows World Trade Organization members to adopt trade-restrictive measures for specified public policy objectives, such as protecting human, animal or plant life and conserving exhaustible natural resources, provided certain conditions are met.
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B.
Article XIX (Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products)
Article XIX (Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products) is a safeguard provision in international trade law that allows countries to temporarily restrict imports to protect domestic industries from serious injury caused by sudden import surges.
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C.
Article 51 of the United Nations Charter
Article 51 of the United Nations Charter is the provision that recognizes the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense by states if an armed attack occurs, until the Security Council takes measures to maintain international peace and security.
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D.
Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations
The Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations is an international treaty that defines the legal status, immunities, and protections granted to the UN, its officials, and its missions to ensure their independent functioning worldwide.
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E.
Clause 39
Clause 39 is a key provision of the Magna Carta that guarantees the right to due process by prohibiting arbitrary arrest, imprisonment, or dispossession except by lawful judgment or the law of the land.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Target entity: Article XXI (Security Exceptions) Target entity description: Article XXI (Security Exceptions) is a provision of the GATT that allows WTO members to take trade-restrictive measures they deem necessary for the protection of their essential security interests.
-
A.
Article XX (General Exceptions)
Article XX (General Exceptions) is a key provision of the GATT that allows World Trade Organization members to adopt trade-restrictive measures for specified public policy objectives, such as protecting human, animal or plant life and conserving exhaustible natural resources, provided certain conditions are met.
-
B.
Article XIX (Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products)
Article XIX (Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products) is a safeguard provision in international trade law that allows countries to temporarily restrict imports to protect domestic industries from serious injury caused by sudden import surges.
-
C.
Article 51 of the United Nations Charter
Article 51 of the United Nations Charter is the provision that recognizes the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense by states if an armed attack occurs, until the Security Council takes measures to maintain international peace and security.
-
D.
Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations
The Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations is an international treaty that defines the legal status, immunities, and protections granted to the UN, its officials, and its missions to ensure their independent functioning worldwide.
-
E.
Clause 39
Clause 39 is a key provision of the Magna Carta that guarantees the right to due process by prohibiting arbitrary arrest, imprisonment, or dispossession except by lawful judgment or the law of the land.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (44)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
GATT provision
ⓘ
security exceptions clause ⓘ |
| addresses | tension between trade liberalization and national security ⓘ |
| adoptedIn | 1947 ⓘ |
| allows | measures members deem necessary for essential security interests ⓘ |
| appliesTo | WTO members ⓘ |
| centralIssueIn |
Qatar – Certain Measures Concerning Goods and Services from the United Arab Emirates (DS526)
ⓘ
Russia – Measures Concerning Traffic in Transit (DS512) ⓘ Saudi Arabia – Measures Concerning the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights (DS567) ⓘ |
| codifiedIn |
Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization
ⓘ
surface form:
Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization via GATT 1994
|
| constrains | use of national security as a justification for trade restrictions ⓘ |
| contains |
Article XXI (Security Exceptions)
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Article XXI(a)
Article XXI(b) ⓘ Article XXI (Security Exceptions) self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
Article XXI(c)
Article XXI(d) ⓘ Article XXI(e) ⓘ |
| controversy | risk of abuse for protectionist purposes ⓘ |
| debate |
scope of members’ discretion in invoking security exceptions
ⓘ
self-judging nature of essential security interests ⓘ |
| effect | permits trade-restrictive measures ⓘ |
| field |
international economic law
ⓘ
international trade law ⓘ |
| influences | design of security exceptions in later trade agreements ⓘ |
| interpretedBy |
WTO Appellate Body
ⓘ
WTO panels ⓘ |
| invocableBy | any WTO member state ⓘ |
| languageCharacterization | security exceptions shall not be construed to prevent a member from taking certain measures ⓘ |
| legalNature | exception to GATT obligations ⓘ |
| legalStatus | binding on all WTO members ⓘ |
| legalSystem |
World Trade Organization
ⓘ
surface form:
World Trade Organization law
|
| linkedTo | concept of essential security interests in international law ⓘ |
| partOf |
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
ⓘ
surface form:
GATT 1994
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ
surface form:
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947
|
| providesExceptionFor |
disclosure of information contrary to a member’s essential security interests
ⓘ
measures relating to fissionable materials ⓘ measures relating to traffic in arms, ammunition and implements of war ⓘ measures taken in time of war or other emergency in international relations ⓘ |
| purpose | to allow members to protect their essential security interests ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Article XX (General Exceptions)
ⓘ
surface form:
Article XX (General Exceptions) of GATT
|
| requires | good faith in invocation by members ⓘ |
| requiresInterpretationInLightOf | principle of good faith under public international law ⓘ |
| scope | measures affecting trade in goods under GATT ⓘ |
| subjectMatter | security exceptions in international trade ⓘ |
| usedFor | national security–motivated trade measures ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Subject: Article XXI (Security Exceptions) Description of subject: Article XXI (Security Exceptions) is a provision of the GATT that allows WTO members to take trade-restrictive measures they deem necessary for the protection of their essential security interests.
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.