GATT Article XIX
E89708
GATT Article XIX is the safeguard provision in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade that allows countries to temporarily restrict imports to protect domestic industries from serious injury caused by sudden import surges.
All labels observed (7)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| GATT Article XIX canonical | 2 |
| Article XIX GATT | 1 |
| Article XIX of GATT 1994 | 1 |
| Article XIX:2 of GATT | 1 |
| GATT 1994 Article XIX | 1 |
| GATT safeguards clause | 1 |
| Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974 | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T666918 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: GATT Article XIX Context triple: [Article XIX (Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products), alsoKnownAs, GATT Article XIX]
-
A.
WTO Agreement on Safeguards
The WTO Agreement on Safeguards is a multilateral trade agreement that sets detailed rules and procedures for WTO members to temporarily restrict imports to protect domestic industries from serious injury caused by sudden import surges.
-
B.
Annecy Round of GATT
Annecy Round of GATT was the 1949 multilateral trade negotiation under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade that focused on reducing tariffs among participating countries.
-
C.
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade is a World Trade Organization treaty that disciplines how governments design and apply technical regulations, standards, and conformity assessment procedures so they do not create unnecessary obstacles to international trade.
-
D.
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is a key international treaty that sets minimum global standards for the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights among World Trade Organization members.
-
E.
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures is a World Trade Organization treaty that sets rules for member countries’ food safety and animal and plant health regulations to ensure they are science-based and do not unjustifiably restrict international trade.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: GATT Article XIX Target entity description: GATT Article XIX is the safeguard provision in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade that allows countries to temporarily restrict imports to protect domestic industries from serious injury caused by sudden import surges.
-
A.
WTO Agreement on Safeguards
The WTO Agreement on Safeguards is a multilateral trade agreement that sets detailed rules and procedures for WTO members to temporarily restrict imports to protect domestic industries from serious injury caused by sudden import surges.
-
B.
Annecy Round of GATT
Annecy Round of GATT was the 1949 multilateral trade negotiation under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade that focused on reducing tariffs among participating countries.
-
C.
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade is a World Trade Organization treaty that disciplines how governments design and apply technical regulations, standards, and conformity assessment procedures so they do not create unnecessary obstacles to international trade.
-
D.
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is a key international treaty that sets minimum global standards for the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights among World Trade Organization members.
-
E.
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures is a World Trade Organization treaty that sets rules for member countries’ food safety and animal and plant health regulations to ensure they are science-based and do not unjustifiably restrict international trade.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
article of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
ⓘ
safeguard provision ⓘ |
| aimsTo | balance domestic protection and trade liberalization ⓘ |
| allows |
increase of tariffs above bound rates
ⓘ
quantitative restrictions on imports ⓘ temporary suspension of GATT obligations ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs | escape clause ⓘ |
| appliesTo | imported products ⓘ |
| basedOnPrinciple | multilateral control of emergency trade measures ⓘ |
| bindingOn | WTO members as GATT 1994 ⓘ |
| chapterSection |
Article XIX:1
ⓘ
Article XIX:2 ⓘ Article XIX:3 ⓘ Article XIX:4 ⓘ Article XIX:5 ⓘ |
| codifiedIn |
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
ⓘ
surface form:
GATT 1994
|
| condition |
measures must be applied only to the extent necessary
ⓘ
measures must be non-discriminatory in application ⓘ prior investigation of injury must be conducted ⓘ |
| distinguishedFrom |
anti-dumping measures
ⓘ
countervailing measures ⓘ |
| enteredIntoForce | 1 January 1948 ⓘ |
| interpretedBy | WTO Agreement on Safeguards ⓘ |
| language |
English
ⓘ
French ⓘ Spanish ⓘ |
| legalBasisFor |
WTO Agreement on Safeguards
ⓘ
surface form:
WTO safeguard measures
|
| legalNature | multilateral trade rule ⓘ |
| legalSystem |
WTO agreements
ⓘ
surface form:
World Trade Organization law
|
| linkedInstrument | WTO Agreement on Safeguards ⓘ |
| obliges |
consultations with affected exporting members
ⓘ
notification to contracting parties ⓘ |
| partOf | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ⓘ |
| predecessorOf | safeguard provisions in regional trade agreements ⓘ |
| purpose |
to address sudden import surges
ⓘ
to allow temporary import restrictions ⓘ to protect domestic industries from serious injury ⓘ |
| regulates | application of safeguard measures ⓘ |
| requires |
causal link between increased imports and serious injury
ⓘ
consideration of public interest ⓘ existence of increased imports ⓘ progressive liberalization of safeguard measures ⓘ serious injury to domestic industry ⓘ temporary character of safeguard measures ⓘ |
| scope | trade in goods ⓘ |
| shortName |
GATT Article XIX
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Article XIX GATT
|
| subjectMatter | emergency action on imports of particular products ⓘ |
| subjectOf | WTO dispute settlement cases ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: GATT Article XIX Description of subject: GATT Article XIX is the safeguard provision in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade that allows countries to temporarily restrict imports to protect domestic industries from serious injury caused by sudden import surges.
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
GATT 1994 Article XIX
this entity surface form:
Article XIX of GATT 1994
subject surface form:
United States International Trade Commission
this entity surface form:
Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974
this entity surface form:
Article XIX GATT
this entity surface form:
GATT safeguards clause
this entity surface form:
Article XIX:2 of GATT